Therapy Mechanism of action Side effects LH-RH agonists (buserelin, goserelin, leuprolide, and triptorelin) Downregulation of LH-RH receptor Flushes, weight increase, impotence, loss of libido, fatigue, decreased muscle mass, osteoporosis, anemia,…
Fig. 3.1 Bone metastasis of high-grade prostate cancer Fig. 3.2 Bone metastasis of prostate cancer. The neoplastic cells are immunostained with antibody against prostein Understanding the mechanisms by which PCa…
Fig 15.1 Mechanism of action of bisphosphonate, denosumab, and anti-androgen on the bone metastases “vicious cycle.” OCLs osteoclasts, OBLs osteoblasts The efficacy of bisphosphonate treatment on patients with bone metastatic…
Fig. 2.1 Bone turnover is usually very high in prostate cancer (PC) patients for many reasons (aging, vitamin D deficiency, androgen deprivation therapy, or abiraterone or enzalutamide, cytokines released from…
Fig. 14.1 Treatment delivery using portal imaging with digitally reconstructed radiograph (DRR) (a) and cone beam CT (b) to improve target visibility Fig. 14.2 Comparison between conventional planning with 3D-CRT…
Rationale and definition of MDT Promotion of MDT considered as an ethical priority, given the benefits of MDT and the imperative to provide all patients with the best possible care…
Skeletal-related event Mean cost per skeletal-related event (€) Germany Italy Spain UK Non-vertebral fracture 1,720 2,087 3,209 2254 Vertebral fracture 2,124 2,142 6,968 1,015 Radiation to bone 1,694 2,461 2,378…
Fig. 1.1 Histopathology of bone metastasis (BMT) from prostate cancer (PC). In the same patient, BMTs are heterogeneous, with predominantly blastic (1) and predominantly lytic metastases (2). Furthermore, as shown…
© Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2017Francesco Bertoldo, Francesco Boccardo, Emilio Bombardieri, Laura Evangelista and Riccardo Valdagni (eds.)Bone Metastases from Prostate Cancer 10.1007/978-3-319-42327-2_17 17. New Frontiers in Treatment Sergio Bracarda1 , Alketa Hamzaj1 and Kalliopi Andrikou1 (1) Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology Azienda…
Type of decay Particle/photon Relative mass (AMU) Charge Typical LET (kV/μm) Alpha Helium nucleus 4 +2 60–300 Beta Electron (or positron) 1/2000 −1 electron (+1 positron) 0.1–1 Gamma Photon 0…
