Adjuvant endocrine treatment is an essential component in therapy for hormone receptor–positive breast cancer. Among postmenopausal patients, options include tamoxifen, aromatase inhibitors, or a sequence of these agents. Tamoxifen and…
Neoadjuvant endocrine therapy improves surgical outcomes for postmenopausal women with bulky hormone receptor–positive breast cancer. Recent studies indicate that this approach may also be used in the management of smaller…
Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease associated with variable clinical outcomes and response to therapy. Classic clinicopathologic factors associated with outcome include anatomic features associated with prognosis (eg, tumor size,…
The surgical treatment of breast cancer has evolved from radical mastectomy with routine removal of the nipple-areolar complex (NAC) to breast conservative therapy with preservation of the breast and NAC….
Oncoplastic surgery combines the principles of surgical oncology with those of plastic and reconstructive surgery. The intent is to use established techniques from each field in order to provide adequate…
Sentinel lymph node (SLN) surgery has largely replaced axillary dissection for nodal staging in clinically node negative breast cancer patients. However, in patients with previous breast and/or axillary surgery, pregnant…
This article summarizes the relative pros and cons surrounding the timing of sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy in patients undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Several institutions initiated prospective trials of SLN biopsy…
Nonaxillary drainage is demonstrable by lymphoscintigraphy in up to one-third of breast cancer patients, and nonaxillary sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy (most frequently of the internal mammary nodes) is the…
The chemoprevention of breast cancer using pharmacologic agents has had substantial clinical success. Randomized clinical trials evaluating selective estrogen-receptor modulators (SERMs) have shown that these agents reduce the incidence of…
Since its introduction in the mid-1990s, sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy has revolutionized the management of breast cancer patients, allowing for a minimally invasive method to accurately stage the axilla…
