Hyalohyphomycosis: Infection Due to Hyaline Moulds
Genus/Species AmB Itraconazole Voriconazole Posaconazole Anidulafungin Caspofungin Micafungin Ref. Fusarium spp. F. oxysporum F. solani ++ ++ + + + + ++b ++++ + ++ ++ + 0 ND ND…
INFECTIOUS DISEASE
Infection Due to Non-Candidal Yeasts
Trichosporon T. asahii (T. beigelii) T. inkin T. mucoides Saccharomyces S. cerevisiae S. boulardii Rhodotorula R. mucilaginosa (rubra) R. glutinis Malassezia M. furfur M. pachydermati Blastoschizomyces capitatus (Geotrichum capitatum, Trichosporon…
Diagnostic Molecular Biology
Fig. 3.1 The relationship between yield, number of steps, and type of fungal template preparation method. The greatest yield comes from laborious methods that require numerous steps, including organic extractions….
Aspergillosis
Fig. 10.1 Microscopic morphology of Aspergillus fumigatus showing a single role of phialides (uniseriate) bearing smooth conidia in a columnar fashion. (Courtesy of www.doctorfungus.org) Table 10.1 Characteristics of common Aspergillus…
Pneumocystosis
Fig. 14.1 Silver-stained bronchoalveolar lavage specimen showing characteristic clusters of Pneumocystis cysts As noted above, the host-species specificity of Pneumocystis has led some to propose the division of Pneumocystis carinii…
Candidiasis
Fluconazole Itraconazole Flucytosine Amphotericin B Voriconazole Posaconazole Echinocandins Candida species C. albicans S S S S S S S C. tropicalis S S S S S S S C….
Approach to Patients with Suspected Fungal Infections
CD4+ T lymphocyte cell count (cells/µl) Fungal infections > 500 Candidal vaginitis 200–500 Thrush (oropharyngeal candidiasis) < 200 PCP, disseminated histoplasmosis, disseminated coccidioidomycosis < 100 Cryptococcosis, candidal esophagitis, penicilliosis PCP Pneumocystis pneumonia Organ…
Diagnostic Immunology
Population Assay Study design Sensitivity(%) Specificity(%) Commentsb Ref. All Any Meta-analysis of 16 studies: 2979 patients; 594 with proven/probable IFI. Excluded diagnosis of PCP 77 85 One positive test required;…
Acute Bacterial Meningitis
ACUTE BACTERIAL MENINGITIS KAREN L. ROOS, ALLAN R. TUNKEL, DIEDERIK VAN DE BEEK, AND W. MICHAEL SCHELD The meningitis syndrome has been recognized for centuries. Hippocrates realized the important intracranial…
Brain Abscess
BRAIN ABSCESS MATTHIAS KLEIN, HANS-WALTER PFISTER, ALLAN R. TUNKEL, AND W. MICHAEL SCHELD DEFINITION Brain abscess is a focal intracerebral infection that begins as a localized area of cerebritis and…
