Coccidioides was originally described as noted above as one species, C. immitis. More recently, two genetically distinct populations of Coccidioides have been described, C. immitis and Coccidioides posadasii, correlating to…

Fig. 16.1 The mycelial phase of B. dermatitidis (left) produces no unique characteristics which allow organism identification. As a yeast (right), B. dermatitidis has characteristic thick walled, multinucleated cells with…

Serotype Species and varieties Molecular types A C. neoformans var. grubii VN I, VN II, VN B B C. gattii VG I, VG II, VG III, VG IV C C….

Disease Affected population Clinical manifestations Laboratory diagnosis Treatment Chromoblastomycosis (also called chromomycosis, verrucous dermatitis, figueiraa) Usually in men aged 30–50 who work as farm laborers, lumberjacks, or sellers of farm…

Fig. 20.1 Microscopic view of the mold form of Sporothrix schenckii grown at 25 ℃ on Sabouraud dextrose agar. Note the thin septate hyphae with conidiophores that bear oval conidia that…

Fig. 7.1 Representative structures of systemic antifungal agents Limited absorption of the drug at elevated gastric pH. Lack of an intravenous (IV) formulation. Requirement for extensive cytochrome P450 biotransformation before…

Fig. 19.1 Paracoccidioides brasiliensis yeast cell surrounded by multiple budding daughter blastoconidia (“pilot’s wheel”) Fig. 19.2 Paracoccidioides brasiliensis in tissues. Note abundant round to oval yeast cells enclosed in a…

Fig. 18.1 Hematoxylin and eosin stain of yeast in macrophages Epidemiology Histoplasmosis is most commonly reported to occur in and around the Mississippi and Ohio River valleys of the USA,…

Order Family Genus Species causing human disease Mucorales Mucoraceae Lichtheimia L. corymbifera Apophysomyces A. elegans Mucor M. circinelloides, M. ramosissimus, M. racemosus, M. hiemalis, M. rouxianus Rhizomucor R. pusillus Rhizopus…

Clinical syndrome Commonly associated fungi Therapy Onychomycosis Onychocola, Alternaria Itraconazole or terbinafine Subcutaneous nodules Exophiala, Alternaria, Phialophora Surgery  ± itraconazole or voriconazole Keratitis Curvularia, Bipolaris, Exserohilum, Lasiodiplodia Topical natamycin  ±…