Fever of Unknown Origin: Treatment According to Risk Assessment
Granulocyte count <500/μl or <1,000/μl with predicted decline to ≤500/μl Single oral temperature of >38.3 °C or ≥38.0 °C × 2 within 12 h or ≥38.0 °C over ≥1 h No obvious…
HEMATOLOGY
Consequences from Specific Treatment Modalities
L. monocytogenes a S. pneumoniae Staphylococcus spp. Pseudomonas spp. Gram-negative aerobic bacilli N. meningitidis Candida spp. b Aspergillus spp. Cryptococcus neoformans b Varicella zoster virusc Herpes simplex virusc Cytomegalovirus P….
Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology in Hematology Units
Duration <1 week: moderate risk >1 week: high risk Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) <1,000/μL: moderate risk <100/μL: high risk However, the term neutropenia is frequently used in clinical practice as…
Infections in Patients with Malignant Lymphomas
Bacterial pathogens Streptococcus pneumoniae Haemophilus influenzae Neisseria meningitidis Nocardia species Salmonella species Listeria monocytogenes Campylobacter species Legionella species Capnocytophaga species Mycobacteria Fungal pathogens Aspergillus species Zygomycetes (Mucorales) Fusarium species Scedosporium…
Microbiological Background
Fig. 5.1 Frequency of single-agent bacteremia in IATC-EORTC trials Since the turn of the twenty-first century, the reports emerged indicating that GNB have gained importance again but this time with…
Antimicrobial Prophylaxis in Hematology
Type of prophylaxis and clinical condition Recommendation and gradinga Antibacterial prophylaxis Patients with acute leukemia and adult SCT recipients after myeloablative therapy A fluoroquinolone with systemic activity including P. aeruginosa…
Anemia in the Critically Ill Patient
Variable (adults) Normal values Red blood cells count (/ml) Male 4.5–5.9 × 106 Female 3.5–5.0 × 106 Hematocrit (%) Male: 39–49 Female: 33–43 Blood hemoglobin level (Hb) Male: 13–17 g/dl Female: 13–15 g/dl Reticulocyte…
Adverse Transfusion Reactions in Critically Ill Patients
Adverse transfusion reactions 2007–2009 2010 2011 2012 Total 2007–2012 Febrile nonhemolytic transfusion reactions (FNHTR) 195 52 70 47 364 Allergic transfusion reactions (ATR) 140 39 42 49 270 Circulatory overload…
Leukopenia in the Critically Ill Patient
Heavy metals Arsenic compounds, gold, mercurial diuretics Analgesics and NSAID Acid acetylsalicylic, aminopyrine, benoxaprofen, diclofenac, diflunisal, dipyrone, fenoprofen, indomethacin,ibuprofen,phenylbutazone, piroxicam, sulindac, tenoxicam, tolmetin Antipsychotics, sedatives, antidepressants Amoxapine, chlordiazepoxide, clozapine, diazepam,…
Drugs and Blood Cells
Type Characteristic Mechanism Examples Type A Dose-dependent Chemotherapy-induced myelosuppression Predictable Type B Dose-independent Nonimmune-mediated Primaquine-induced hemolytic anemia, metformin-induced megaloblastic anemia, methotrexate-induced megaloblastic anemia, clozapine-induced neutropenia Unpredictable Immune-mediated IgG-mediated cytotoxicity (type…
