Fig. 9.1 Mediastinal anatomy. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mediastinum Table 9.1 Some potential causes of mediastinal tumors in children Etiology Anterior mediastinal masses Middle mediastinal masses Posterior mediastinal masses Malignant Non-Hodgkin lymphomas Non-Hodgkin lymphomas…
Characteristic Osteosarcoma Ewing sarcoma Incidence (cases per 106 < 20 years old) 4.8 2.9 Age peak (years) 12–18 5–25 Cell of origin Osteoblast Primitive neuroectodermal cell Biology Alteration of tumor supresor genes…
Condition Association Genetic abnormalities, including: Down syndrome Acute myeloblastic leukaemia Beckwith-Wiedemann Wilms tumour, hepatoblastoma Fanconi anaemia Acute myeloblastic leukaemia Immunodeficiency, including: All conditions (congenital and acquired) Lymphoma HIV Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma,…
Fig. 21.1 Distribution of primary sites of rhabdomyosarcoma and survival according to tumor location Different tumor sites may be associated to different RMS subtype: botryoid histology is seen commonly in…
Fig. 26.1 Suggested diagnostic work-up for staging of Kaposi sarcoma It is now known that the pathogenesis of all clinical variants of KS involves infection with KSHV, a deoxyribonucleic acid…
Allogeneic donor type Source HLA matching and cell dose Sibling Peripheral blood Match sibling donor: 6/6, 8/8 or 10/10 Mismatch sibling donor: over 8/10 Bone marrow Haploidentical: less than 9/10…
Diagnosis Location Standard treatment Options Outcome in high-income countries Prognostic factors Low-grade glioma in surgical areas All sites Surgery None Excellent (95–100 % survival) Extent of resection Unresectable low-grade glioma…
Cancer cachexia Multifactorial • Disease • Host • Socio-economic • Treatment Interactive tumour and host-related effects • Socio-economic, inadequate supply of nutrients • Anorexia • Bowel obstruction • Malabsorption •…
Antineoplastics Section Antimicrobials Section Supportive care agents Section Asparaginase 8.2 Acyclovir 6.4.1 Allopurinol 8.2 Bleomycin 8.2 Amikacin 6.2.4 Amitriptyline 24.2.1 Carboplatin 8.2 Amphotericin B 6.3 Codeine 2.2 Cisplatin 8.2 Cefotaxime…
Common gram-positive pathogens Coagulase-negative staphylococci Staphylococcus aureus, including methicillin-resistant strains Enterococcus species, including vancomycin-resistant strains Viridans group streptococci Streptococcus pneumoniae Streptococcus pyogenes Common gram-negative pathogens Escherichia coli Klebsiella spp. Enterobacter…
