Maternal age over 40 years Multiparity Previous Cesarean section Uterine scarring (previous myomectomy, uterine curettage) Previous spontaneous or induced miscarriage Cigarette smoking and use of drugs such as cocaine Multiple…

History Previous pre-eclampsia Chronic hypertension Renal disease Type 1 or type 2 diabetes Multiple pregnancy Family history of pre-eclampsia Antiphospholipid syndrome Chronic autoimmune disease Increasing maternal age beyond 34 years…

Clinical criteria (one or more)  Vascular thrombosis: One or more objectively confirmed episodes of arterial, venous or small vessel thrombosis occurring in any tissue or organ  Pregnancy morbidity:   One or…

Fig. 7.1 Implantation spectrum Pregnancy itself is a prothrombotic state – characterized by an increase in the levels of pro-coagulant factors, a simultaneous decrease in the levels of anticoagulant proteins,…

© Springer-Verlag London 2015Hannah Cohen and Patrick O’Brien (eds.)Disorders of Thrombosis and Hemostasis in Pregnancy10.1007/978-3-319-15120-5_1 1. Hemostatic Changes in Normal Pregnancy Carolyn M. Millar1   and Michael Laffan1   (1) Centre for Haematology, Faculty of Medicine, Hammersmith Campus, Imperial College,…

Age Greater parity Smoking Cardiovascular disease including:  Hypertension  Patent foramen ovale  Metallic heart valve Renal disease Migraine with aura Heritable thrombophilia Acquired thrombophilia: antiphospholipid syndrome Hyperhomocystinemia Hematological disorders  Thrombotic microangiopathies…

Heritable thrombophilia Possible heritable component Acquired risk factors for venous thrombosis Antithrombin deficiency High factor VIII/VWF Increasing age (over 35 in pregnancy) Protein C deficiency High factor IX Pregnancy Protein…

Fig. 2.1 Coagulation mechanism and targets for action of different anticoagulants. UFH unfractionated heparin, AT antithrombin, LMWH low-molecular-weight heparin The amount of activated factor X is further enhanced by the…