Managing Diabetes in Pregnancy
Test Number of abnormal values Threshold (equal or greater than) in mmol/L Organisation 0 h 1 h 2 h 3 h 50 g OGCT 1 – 7.2 – – CC,…
ENDOCRINOLOGY
What Kind of Diabetes?
Fig. 20.1 Family pedigree What is your diagnosis now? Evidence now suggested that Jennifer did not have type 1 diabetes. We then considered whether she had evidence for type 2…
Female Infertility: Diagnosis and Management
Ovulatory disorders Hypothalamic/pituitary failure Hypothalamic/pituitary dysfunction Ovarian failure Tubal damage Previous pelvic/abdominal surgery Past peritonitis Past Pelvic infections Endometriosis Congenital abnormalities Uterine or peritoneal disorders Fibroids Endometrial polyps Endometriosis Modifiable…
Thyroid Nodule in a Child (MEN 2)
MEN 2A MEN 2B MTC (100 %) MTC (100 %) Phaeochromocytoma (50 %) Phaeochromocytoma (50 %) Parathyroid adenoma (25 %) Mucosal neuromas: tongue/lips (95 %) Typical facies: swollen lips/thick eyelids…
Diagnosis and Management of Hypocalcaemia in Adults
Low PTH High PTH Others Destruction of parathyroid glands by surgery or radioactive iodine Vitamin D deficiency or resistance Hypomagnesaemia Autoimmune destruction of parathyroid glands Chronic kidney disease Drugs Irradiation…
Cushing’s Syndrome
Results Normal range 24 h urinary free cortisol 564 nmol/day (vol 1.62 L) <147 nmol/day 24 h urinary free cortisol 489 nmol/day (vol 1.93 L) <147 nmol/day 1 mg…
A 25-Year-Old Woman with Headache and Joint Pain
Fig. 8.1 Pre-operative MRI pituitary. Pre-contrast T1 weighted images in the coronal (a) and sagittal (b) plain show a homogenous mass arising from the pituitary fossa and invading the left…
Diagnosis and Management of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)
Differential diagnoses Hirsutism and/or hyperandrogenaemia Oligomenorrhea or amenorrhea Distinctive characteristics Clinical features Laboratory tests Hyperprolactinaemia; prolactinoma Mild or absent Present Galactorrhoea; macroprolactinomas may cause visual disturbances headache, cranial nerve palsies…
Weight Loss and Dizziness: Adrenal Failure
Features due to glucocorticoid insufficiency Weakness Malaise Weight loss Nausea and vomiting Hypoglycaemia Myalgia Anaemia Features due to mineralocorticoid insufficiency Hypotension Dehydration Hyponatraemia Features due to reduced adrenal androgens Decreased…
Hypothyroidism Complicated by Hypothyroid Coma
Fig. 2.1 Chest x-ray on admission to accident and emergency ECG: rate 50/min regular, flat T waves in III, AVF, V4–6. Urgent CT-head, no abnormality detected. Comment on Her FBC…
