Fig. 1.1 Translation initiation and common mechanisms of regulation. The steps of translation initiation are outlined in (a). The ternary complex is comprised of eIFs 1, 1A, 3 and 5…

Fig. 11.1 Calcium , phosphate , PTH, FGF23, 1,25D and FGF23 interactions. There are endocrinological feedback loops that govern mineral homeostasis. FGF23, fibroblast growth factor 23; PTH, parathyroid hormone ,…

Fig. 2.1 Schematic representation of the human insulin (a) and mouse insulin 2 (b) genes. The both genes consist of three exons (boxes), and two introns (lines). The coding region…

Gene name 3′UTR miR sites References NR3A1/ESR1 4307 b Let-7 Manavathi et al. (2013) miR-137 Zhao et al. (2008) Zhao et al. (2008) Zhao et al. (2008) miR-145 miR-17-5p miR-18a/19b/20b…

Fig. 9.1 Overview of the PGE2 synthesis pathway. Arachidonic acid is liberated from phospholipids by phospholipase A2 and phospholipase C activity. Free arachidonic acid can then be converted into the…

Family of RBPs C. elegans D. melanogaster X. laevis M. musculus H. sapiens PUF Fbf-1 Pum Pum1 PUM1 PUM1  Fbf-2  Pum2 PUM2 PUM2  Puf-8     Nanos Nos-3 Nos Nanos1      Nanos2 NANOS2…

Fig. 3.1 The role of cytokines in mediating communication between immune cells. Transcripts in grey are cytokine transcripts that contain AREs in their 3′UTRs . Transcripts labeled with an asterisk…

Fig. 8.1 Human VEGFA gene structure and exon composition of the isoforms generated by alternative splicing . (Top) The human VEGFA gene spans 16,272 bp of chromosome 6p21.1 and consists…

Fig. 6.1 Canonical and alternative miRNA biogenesis pathways. Most miRNA are transcribed by RNA Polymerase II to form long primary transcripts (pri-miRNA) which form complex structures that are then recognized…

Fig. 12.1 Overview of steroidogenesis. Tropic hormones bind to their respective G protein-coupled receptors leading to activation of the cAMP-PKA signaling cascade which in turn induces acute and/or chronicle effects…