Fig. 10.1 Modifiable and non-modifiable cardiometabolic risk factors (Reprinted by permission from Macmillan Publishers Ltd.: Vlasakakis et al. [3], copyright 2013) In pharmacotherapy, there is often an apparent disconnect between…

Method Measurement Advantages Disadvantages Value in drug development decisions Ultrasound (US) Images based on frequency and strength (amplitude) of ultrasound signal and time it takes for that signal to return…

Method Measurement Advantages Disadvantages Value in drugdevelopment decisions DXA Density of whole body tissue to determine the separate composition of fat tissue, lean soft tissue, and bone mineral content/density Short…

Method Measurement Advantages Disadvantages Value in drug development decisions Mouthpieceor facemask O2 consumption and CO2 production from breathing Minimal response time; no dilution of respiratory gases Mouthpiece and facemask are…

(11.1) where the left side of the equation is the rate of change of body energy stores with BW being the body weight and ρ being an energy density converting…

  Method Measurement Advantages Disadvantages Value in drug development decisions Fasting serum insulin and glucose; mathematic models include HOMA-IRa and QUICKIb Venous serum insulin and plasma glucose are measured in…

Method Measurement Advantages Disadvantages Value in drug development decisions Thorax computed tomography (CT) Yields Hounsfield unit images which can be segmented into types of fat, muscle, air, and bone; tissue…

  Method Measurement Advantages Disadvantages Value in drug development decisions Fasting hepatic DNL 2–3 days of oral administration of deuterated water (2H2O) The fraction of palmitate that is newly synthesized…

  Method Measurement Advantages Disadvantages Value in drug development decisions Fasting serum insulin and/or C-peptidea Serum insulin and/or C-peptide measured after an overnight fast Fasting insulin; homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-B)…