1 Introduction It has long been well-established that the major complications of diabetes are microvascular complications such as nephropathy, retinopathy, and neuropathy, as well as the macrovascular complications including cardiovascular…
The prevalence and incidence of diabetes mellitus (DM), especially type 2 DM (T2D), is increasing worldwide. DM contributes to a high burden of disease-associated complications and comorbidities, with vascular complications…
1 Introduction Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the leading cause of visual impairment and preventable blindness, representing a significant socioeconomic cost for healthcare systems worldwide [ ]. The global prevalence of…
Diabetic sensorimotor polyneuropathy (DPN) and cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy, despite being very common and with heavy impact on quality of life, morbidity and mortality, remain undiagnosed in two-thirds of the cases…
1 Introduction Diabetic retinopathy (DR) was first described in the 19th century and has since been recognized as a key microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus. DR has significant impact at…
1 Prevalence Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder that has reached epidemic proportions with a global prevalence of 9.3% and an expected rise to 25% by 2030 […
1 Introduction It is now well established that cardiovascular disease (CVD) represents the leading cause of mortality in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes and that the incidence of CV…
1 Introduction Diabetes mellitus is a significant risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease, and it confers a two-to-fourfold increase in the risk of coronary heart disease, stroke, and…
1 Introduction Diabetes and its complications have risen significantly (both prevalence and incidence rates) over the last 2 decades, making them a serious public health and economic burden globally […
Funding This work was funded by Ministerio de Sanidad y Consumo, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Miguel Servet Type 2 contract (CPII18/00004 to J.J.), FEDER “Una manera de hacer Europa.”…
