Introduction Respiratory insufficiency in patients receiving systemic chemotherapy often is a diagnostic dilemma for clinicians. Patients receiving chemotherapy are frequently immunosuppressed and may have concurrent bone marrow suppression, or pulmonary…
Introduction Chemotherapy-related neurotoxicity is a frequently observed side effect that has become more prevalent with the increasing number of long-term cancer survivors. These toxicities can be peripheral or central and…
Introduction Gastrointestinal (GI) toxicities are common side effects of most chemotherapy agents. Their effect on rapidly dividing GI tract cells can lead to mucosal inflammation, ulceration, and perforation. The most…
Introduction ■ Mucositis is defined as inflammation of the mucous membranes lining the alimentary tract, causing mucosal injury. Mucositis can occur in response to systemic chemotherapy or other etiologies (e.g.,…
Introduction ■ A multitude of cancer treatments are known to cause thrombocytopenia (TCP), termed treatment-related thrombocytopenia. Chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia (CIT) is a term that refers specifically to thrombocytopenia caused by chemotherapy…
Introduction ■ Anemia is caused by the deficiency of red blood cells or hemoglobin, resulting in a reduction in the oxygen-carrying capacity of blood and is commonly associated with cancer-directed…
Introduction ■ Neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils are a subset of white blood cells characterized by the presence of granules and collectively referred to as granulocytes. Granulocytopenia is a decrease in…
Introduction A disorder of sexual development (DSD) can be defined as “…any problem noted at birth where the genitalia are atypical in relation to the chromosomes or gonads” . “Ambiguous…
Background As with all other organ systems, the endocrine axes are subject to physiological and pathological changes with aging. The purpose of this chapter is to assist the reader in…
Introduction The distinction between gender, a psychosocial identity rooted in masculinity and/or femininity, and sex assigned at birth, or the appearance of male versus female reproductive organs defined by chromosomal…
