Hodgkin Lymphoma
General Overview and Incidence • Definition of Hodgkin lymphoma (HL): lymphoid neoplasm affecting lymph nodes; paucity of neoplastic cells with rich inflammatory background • Classic Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) 90% to…
Acute Myeloid Leukemia
A Brief Overview of Acute Myeloid Leukemia Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is understood to be the product of genetic and epigenetic changes within a multipotent myeloid stem/progenitor cell that generate…
Mast Cell and Non-Myeloproliferative Myeloid Neoplasms
General Overview and Incidence Mastocytosis is no longer under the broad category of myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN). Mastocytosis is a heterogeneous disease of clonal neoplastic proliferation and expansions of mast cells…
Myeloproliferative Neoplasms
General Overview Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) are clonal stem cell disorders characterized by abnormal chronic proliferation of cells belonging to myeloid lineages that are often associated with elevated blood counts, splenomegaly,…
Hypochromic and Hemolytic Anemias
Introduction This chapter reviews two separate and partially overlapping types of anemia: hypochromic anemias, resulting from a decreased amount of hemoglobin in red blood cells, and hemolytic anemias, resulting from…
Megaloblastic Anemia
In the workup of patients with suspected megaloblastic anemia, clinical findings, the complete blood count (CBC) with manual differential, and additional diagnostic studies are critical for narrowing the differential diagnosis…
Growth Factors
Hematopoietic Cytokines and Growth Factors Hematopoietic homeostasis is tightly controlled by a group of hematopoietic cytokines ( Fig. 2.1 ). Each cytokine performs unique and/or multiple actions mediated by receptors…
Normal Hematopoiesis and Blood Cell Maturation
Hematopoietic Development Hematopoiesis is the process by which the various cellular components of the blood are formed. The short-term need for these components can be highly variable, but evidence has…
Dermatologic Toxicities of Radiation Therapy
Introduction ■ Radiation dermatitis is one of the earliest known side effects of radiation. Almost all patients receiving radiation therapy have some changes in the skin. Acute and/or chronic skin…
Cardiovascular Toxicities of Radiation Therapy
Introduction ■ Cardiovascular disease and cancer are the top two causes of global mortality, accounting for 46% of deaths worldwide. To complicate matters further, cancer treatment has led to a…
