Oncohema Key

TREATMENT OF HYPERCALCEMIA Part of “CHAPTER 59 – NONPARATHYROID HYPERCALCEMIA“ Principles of therapy for hypercalcemia should be based on an understanding of its cause, knowledge of its pathophysiology, and careful…

SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF HYPERCALCEMIA Part of “CHAPTER 59 – NONPARATHYROID HYPERCALCEMIA“ Hypercalcemia, through its effect on cellular sodium-potassium adenosine triphosphatase, leads to hyperpolarization of cell membranes. This hyperpolarization or…

NONPARATHYROID HYPERCALCEMIA Andrew F. Stewart Primary hyperparathyroidism is the most common cause of hypercalcemia among nonhospitalized patients (see Chap. 58). This chapter focuses on nonparathyroid causes of hypercalcemia, the most…

FAMILIAL HYPOCALCIURIC HYPERCALCEMIA Part of “CHAPTER 58 – PRIMARY HYPERPARATHYROIDISM“ FHH is a benign disorder associated with hypercalcemia.113 Differentiating individuals with FHH from those with primary hyperparathyroidism is extremely difficult….

PARATHYROID CARCINOMA Part of “CHAPTER 58 – PRIMARY HYPERPARATHYROIDISM“ Parathyroid carcinoma is a rare form of primary hyperparathyroidism.108,109 These patients often have hypercalcemia that is more severe than that usually…

PRIMARY HYPERPARATHYROIDISM DURING PREGNANCY Part of “CHAPTER 58 – PRIMARY HYPERPARATHYROIDISM“ Rarely, primary hyperparathyroidism becomes evident during pregnancy.104 Hyperparathyroidism during pregnancy used to be associated with an increased incidence of…

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS Part of “CHAPTER 58 – PRIMARY HYPERPARATHYROIDISM“ The differential diagnosis of hypercalcemia is covered in Chapter 59, but several points are particularly relevant to the discussion of primary…

DIAGNOSIS Part of “CHAPTER 58 – PRIMARY HYPERPARATHYROIDISM“ The diagnostic hallmarks of primary hyperparathyroidism are hypercalcemia and an elevated level of PTH. Just as a normal circulating PTH concentration is…