Programmed Cell Death 1 (PD-1)/Programmed Cell Death Ligand 1 (PD-L1) Inhibitors Jesse Hirner Brittany A. Klein Anna Kristine Dewan Programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) is a receptor found on T…
Thalidomide and Lenalidomide Pearl O. H. Ugwu-Dike Yevgeniy Semenov Thalidomide and lenalidomide are antiangiogenic, antineoplastic, immunomodulatory agents used in the management of a wide range of conditions. Thalidomide, historically used…
Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte-Associated Protein 4 (CTLA-4) Inhibitors Michael S. Chang Rebecca I. Hartman Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) functions as an immune checkpoint in negatively regulating T-cell function. T-cell activation requires…
CCR4 Inhibitors Cesar Antonio Virgen Cecelia Alejandra Larocca Mogamulizumab is the only FDA-approved C-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CCR4) inhibitor. It is approved for the treatment of relapsed or refractory…
Hormonal Therapies Jane J. Han Lauren M. Guggina Hormones, such as estrogen and androgens, are important in the initiation and proliferation of endocrine-sensitive cancers. Therefore, hormonal therapy is commonly used…
Proteasome Inhibitors Abdulhadi Jfri Victor Huang Ian W. Tattersall Proteasome inhibitors are a group of agents that inhibit the ubiquitin proteasome pathway, which regulates multiple cellular processes, including cell growth…
Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor (FGFR) Inhibitors Catherine Pisano Christopher Iriarte Nicole R. LeBoeuf Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) and their receptors (FGFRs) play an important role in normal cell biology, including…
BCR/ABL/C-Kit Inhibitors Catherina X. Pan Vinod E. Nambudiri The B-cell receptor (BCR) pathway is a complex signaling cascade involved in B-cell activation, whose aberrant activation leads to leukemias and lymphomas.1…
BTK Inhibitors Blake Elizabeth Brooks Elisa M. Schunkert Sherrie J. Divito Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) is a cytoplasmic nonreceptor tyrosine kinase that plays an integral role in signal transduction of…
Multikinase Inhibitors Karolina Mieczkowska Beth McLellan Multikinase inhibitors (MKIs) represent a diverse array of targeted chemotherapies (Table 33.1) that are used in the treatment of both solid and hematologic malignancies….
