Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease associated with variable clinical outcomes and response to therapy. Classic clinicopathologic factors associated with outcome include anatomic features associated with prognosis (eg, tumor size,…
The surgical treatment of breast cancer has evolved from radical mastectomy with routine removal of the nipple-areolar complex (NAC) to breast conservative therapy with preservation of the breast and NAC….
Oncoplastic surgery combines the principles of surgical oncology with those of plastic and reconstructive surgery. The intent is to use established techniques from each field in order to provide adequate…
Sentinel lymph node (SLN) surgery has largely replaced axillary dissection for nodal staging in clinically node negative breast cancer patients. However, in patients with previous breast and/or axillary surgery, pregnant…
This article summarizes the relative pros and cons surrounding the timing of sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy in patients undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Several institutions initiated prospective trials of SLN biopsy…
Nonaxillary drainage is demonstrable by lymphoscintigraphy in up to one-third of breast cancer patients, and nonaxillary sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy (most frequently of the internal mammary nodes) is the…
Since its introduction in the mid-1990s, sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy has revolutionized the management of breast cancer patients, allowing for a minimally invasive method to accurately stage the axilla…
The chemoprevention of breast cancer using pharmacologic agents has had substantial clinical success. Randomized clinical trials evaluating selective estrogen-receptor modulators (SERMs) have shown that these agents reduce the incidence of…
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is able to visualize small tumor deposits that previously could only be identified on pathologic examination. MRI is most valuable in areas in which patient management…
In 2009, the projected incidence for colon and rectal cancers in the United States was 106,100 and 40,870, respectively, and approximately 75% of these patients were treated with curative intent….
