Gastrinoma
INTRODUCTION Print Section Listen Gastrinomas are gastrin-secreting neuroendocrine tumors (NETs), usually located in the duodenum or pancreas, that result in hypergastrinemia. This leads to excessive gastric acid secretion and the…
Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 2
BACKGROUND Print Section Listen History The association between thyroid carcinoma and pheochromocytoma (PHEO) was originally reported by Sipple, and in 1968 named as the multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 syndrome…
Gastrointestinal Neuroendocrine Tumors
BACKGROUND Print Section Listen German pathologist Siegfried Oberndorfer recognized carcinoid tumors as a unique entity in 1907. Prior to his published case reports, these tumors were thought to be benign…
Ectopic ACTH Syndrome
INTRODUCTION Print Section Listen Cushing’s syndrome is a symptomatic manifestation of a wide variety of disease processes culminating in hypercortisolism, only a few of which, including ectopic ACTH syndrome (EAS),…
Soft Tissue Sarcomas
INTRODUCTION Print Section Listen Soft tissue sarcomas are a heterogeneous group. Because of their rarity, they frequently pose diagnostic problems for surgical pathologists. Accurate diagnosis of these tumors is enhanced…
Adrenal Incidentaloma
BACKGROUND Print Section Listen The incidental finding of one or more adrenal masses, discovered on a radiological study performed for reasons other than suspected adrenal disease, has become a common…
Other Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors
INTRODUCTION Print Section Listen Historically termed “carcinoid” and “islet cell tumors,” pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNETs) comprise a rare group of tumors that range from the spectrum of well-differentiated functional tumors…
Cushing’s Syndrome
BACKGROUND Print Section Listen Cushing’s syndrome describes the signs and symptoms associated with prolonged exposure to elevated levels of endogenous or exogenous glucocorticoids. This can be caused by taking glucocorticoid…
Intraoperative Neuromonitoring of Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve
BACKGROUND Print Section Listen There has been a significant steady increase in the number of thyroid surgeries performed annually in the United States,1 escalating existing pressures to maintain a low…
Insulinoma
INTRODUCTION Print Section Listen Insulinomas are relatively rare tumors of the endocrine pancreas that cause debilitating and even life-threatening symptoms. Although insulinomas are rare, with an incidence of approximately 4…
