Oncohema Key

Fig. 19.1 The two stages of testicular descent. Between 8 and 15 weeks the gubernaculum or genito-inguinal ligament enlarges in male embryos under the action of Insl3 [augmented by MIS/AMH (?)]. This…

Drug Dose Route of administration Side effects Diazoxide 5–20 mg/kg/day divided into three doses Oral Fluid retention, hypertrichosis Chlorothiazide (in conjunction with diazoxide) 7–10 mg/kg/day divided into two doses Oral Hyponatraemia, hypokalaemia…

Fig. 1.1 Thyroid development—anterior view. The thyroid originates at the foramen cecum in the midline embryonic pharynx and descends as the thyroid diverticulum to the lower neck to its final position…

Fig. 32.1 a Midline sagittal section of brain MRI depicting the gross anatomical relations of anterior pituitary in a 2.5 year old infant. b Midline sagittal section of brain MRI in an…

Fig. 10.1 A 3-month old with Beckwith–Wiedemann Syndrome who was born with hyperinsulinism and an omphalocele who later presented with a left adrenal mass. a Macroglossia and hirsutism (forehead). b Gynecomastia…

Fig. 27.1 Gross anatomic developmental embryology Fig. 27.2 Sites of accessory breast tissue along the embryonic milk line Two theories of embryogenesis have arisen based on the development of the breast. One…

Fig. 23.1 Development of the ovary. Copyright JE Dietrich and NA Sokkary The ligament that helps to guide each ovary into position is known as the gubernaculum, which in its primitive…

Congenital Genetic predisposition Prader–Willi syndrome Endocrine disorders Cushing’s disease/syndrome Hypothyroidism Environmental Hyperphagia Sedentary lifestyle Genetic Predisposition In some children, genetic factors in isolation may predispose to development of obesity; such…

Hormones Anti-androgens (Prostate Cancer) Gonadotrophin releasing hormone Oestrogenic Agonists (diethylstilbestrol) Anabolic steroids Anti-ulcer therapy Histamine 2 receptor blockers (cimetidine) Proton pump inhibitors (omeprazole, esomeprazole) Cardiac agents Calcium channel blockers (verapamil,…

Fig. 24.1 Ultrasound of a one-month-old with antenatally diagnosed ovarian cyst, demonstrating layering of debris within a large thin walled cyst suggesting previous ovarian torsion. (Courtesy of Dr. Alistair Calder, Great…