FIGURE 138-1. Schematic representation of the pathogenesis and clinical representations of testicular dysgenesis syndrome (TDS). (Modified from Skakkebæk NE, Rajpert-De Meyts E, Jørgensen N, et al: Testicular cancer trends as “whistle…
FIGURE 21-1. Amino acid structure of vasopressin and oxytocin. Note that only positions 3 and 8 have different amino acids. FIGURE 21-2. Factors governing arginine vasopressin (AVP) secretion. CVO, Circumventricular…
FIGURE 94-1. Transport, deiodination, and nuclear action of thyroid hormones. Transporters are required for passage of T3 and T4 across the plasma membrane, facilitating hormone uptake, efflux, or both. Deiodinases…
This chapter focuses on Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, also known as chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis, chronic autoimmune thyroiditis, and lymphadenoid goiter. In the early stage, patients are euthyroid and have no or a…
FIGURE 23-1. Schematic representation of the human GH1 gene showing the alternative splicing of exon 3. This gene contains five exons and four introns; exons are numbered E1 through E5…
FIGURE 10-1. Schematic representation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, showing sites of glucocorticoid negative feedback. ACTH, Adrenocorticotropic hormone; CRH, corticotropin-releasing hormone. History The many important contributions made to the understanding of…
FIGURE 69-1. A, Median levels of calcium, phosphorus, and parathyroid hormone (PTH) per stage of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Median serum levels of calcium and phosphorus stay constant until late…
FIGURE 46-1. Feedback control of ketosis during an extended fast. Ketogenesis is activated by a rise in the molar ratio of glucagon to insulin, which induces lipolysis in adipose tissue…
FIGURE 70-1. Undecalcified sections of a bone biopsy from a patient with an adult-onset renal phosphate leak. A, Unstained. B, Microradiograph. C, Ultraviolet photomicrograph demonstrating fluorescence (F) of tetracycline administered…
FIGURE 47-1. Hypoglycemia—Major barrier to intensive diabetes management. (Data from Diabetes Control and Complications Trial Research Group. N Engl J Med 1993;329:977–986.) Death from hypoglycemia can be considered on the…
