Group Tumor foci Adenoma % Incidence Multiplicity % Incidence Multiplicity Chow + DEN (n = 17) 16/17 = 94 100/17 = 5.8a 1/17 = 6 2/17 = 0.1a PF + DEN (n = 18) 18/18 = 100* 209/18 = 11.6b 10/18 = 55* 15/18 = 0.8b EtOH + DEN (n = 15) 16/15 = 100* 266/15 = 17.7c 9/15 = 60* 33/15 = 2.2c % Incidence = number…
Fig. 16.1 ALDHs modulate carcinogenesis by metabolizing acetaldehyde and retinaldehyde. Ethanol is metabolized by alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), catalase, and CYP2E1 to acetaldehyde. Acetaldehyde can interfere with antioxidative defense systems (AODS)…
Fig. 20.1 Hematopoiesis. The current model of hematopoiesis is depicted below. In this model hematopoietic cells are derived from a small number of HSCs that progress through a series of…
Fig. 15.1 Phenotypes of the alcohol dehydrogenase-1B*1/*1 (ADH1B*1/*1) and aldehyde dehydrogenase-2*1/*2 (ALDH2*1/*2) genotypes and their relationships to ethanol and acetaldehyde exposure and accumulation 15.3 ALDH2 Genotype and Squamous Cell Neoplasia…
Fig. 8.1 Synergistically increased risk for HCV-mediated HCC by alcohol abuse or/and obesity. Comorbidity such as alcohol abuse and obesity synergistically heightens the risk of developing HCC by 6- to…
Fig. 10.1 Schematic model showing the overall domain structure and posttranslational modifications of PTEN. PTEN is a 403 amino acid protein that contains five domains. On the N-terminal side is…
Fig. 2.1 Consumption of 20 % alcohol enhanced tumorigenesis in mice. Ovariectomy abolished this effect despite alcohol-induced increase in estrogen levels (From Wong et al. [61]) The results of this…
Fig. 22.1 Major enzymatic pathways involved in ethanol and glutathione metabolism. Ethanol (EtOH) is subject to metabolism by catalase (CAT), cytochrome P450 isoform 2E1 (CYP2E1), and alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH). Acetaldehyde…
Fig. 19.1 Schematic representation illustrating the different molecular targets of resveratrol in head and neck squamous cell cancer Grant Support: Supported by grants to R. Sclafani from the Fanconi Anemia…
Carcinogenesis 1. Acetaldehyde 2. Oxidative stress: induction of cytochrome P450 2E1 and reactive oxygen species 3. Retinoids 4. Epigenetic changes 5. Cancer genes and signaling pathways Mitogenic signals: MAPK, RAS Insensitivity to antigrowth signals: Rb…
