Current Management of Nipple Discharge
Fig. 6.1 Algorithm for the management of nipple discharge. *If patient plans future breastfeeding, selective duct excision is preferred over major duct excision The characteristics of the discharge should be…
Breast-Conserving Therapy for Breast Cancer
Fig. 13.1 Lumpectomy versus mastectomy (From McGuire et al. [5]) Keystone Trials Over the past 50 years, patient education, screening, and early detection with advancements in mammography, ultrasound, magnetic resonance…
Current Management of Ductal Carcinoma In Situ (DCIS)
Fig. 11.1 (a) Low-grade ductal carcinoma in situ (grade 1): low-grade monomorphic nuclei, inconspicuous nucleoli, diffuse chromatin, cells maintain polarity around gland-like spaces, no comedo necrosis. (b) Intermediate-grade ductal carcinoma…
The Emerging Role of Prophylactic Mastectomy
Patient Young age White race Private insurance Family history of breast cancer Tumor Infiltrating lobular histology Multicentric disease Tumor size Treatment BRCA testing MRI Breast reconstruction Facility type Reasons for…
Osteonecrosis of the Jaw: Clinicopathologic and Radiologic Features
Stage Clinical characteristics Radiographic findings Stage 0 No evidence of necrotic bone, but presence of nonspecific signs or symptoms • Odontalgia not explained by an odontogenic cause • Dull, aching…
Bisphosphonate-Related Atypical Femur Fractures and Their Radiographic Features
Fig. 7.1 This lateral radiograph of the right femur shows lateral, mid-diaphyseal cortical thickening Fig. 7.2 Frontal radiograph better demonstrates some intracortical lucency, possibly an early fracture line Fig. 7.3…
Long-Term Efficacy and Safety of Treatments for Osteoporosis
Fig. 15.1 Decrease in absolute risk of new vertebral fractures in patients treated with risedronate in two different clinical trials (left panel) and zoledronate in the same clinical trial (right…
Tools for Assessing Fracture Risk and for Treatment Monitoring
Prediction tool, URL Risk factors Outputs Risk factors amenable to intervention Risk factors responsive to anti-osteoporosis treatment FRAX (Fracture Risk Assessment Tool) [26] www.shef.ac.uk/FRAX • Age, sex, BMI • Prior…
Management of Osteonecrosis of the Jaw in Patients Receiving Antiresorptive Treatment
Fig. 14.1 Stage 1 osteonecrosis of edentulous mandible of a 73-year-old woman with osteoporosis treated with alendronate for 10 years. Note exposed bone on the lingual aspect of the mandible…
