Ref. n BMI (kg/m2) Testosterone ng/dL (nmol/L) SHBG nmo/L MetS HOMA-IR Pre Post Pre Post Pre Post Pre Post Pre Post [148] 22 46.2 ± 0.9 −16.6% 340 ± 21 636 ± 186 +21.6 [149] 33 50.3 ± 6.1 31.5 ± 4.7 248 ± 91…
Fig. 18.1 Who should be treated with androgen replacement therapy? Variations in sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) gene polymorphisms and SHBG levels directly affect T levels (see Chap. 15). In genome-wide association…
Fig. 14.1 Main environmental and lifestyle factors affecting testicular development and/or function in adulthood Seasonal Effects on Testicular Function Though humans are considered to be non-seasonal mammals, we are undoubtedly sensitive…
Drug Trade name Application Dose Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) Brevactid®a Pregnylb Novarelb s.c. or i.m. 1000–2500 IU twice weekly (on Mondays and Fridays) Recombinant FSH (rFSH) Gonal F®a, Puregon®a Follistimb s.c….
Fig. 12.1 Effect of cytotoxic therapies on the hypothalamic–pituitary–testicular axis in children and adults. Differences in hormonal profile, cellular composition and cellular maturity can result in differential effects of cancer treatment…
Fig. 4.1 Tanner staging of puberty onset in boys from Palmer and Dunkel [4]. Copyright © (2012) Massachusetts Medical Society. Reprinted with permission Table 4.1 Details of the Tanner stages of puberty…
Fig. 3.1 Structure and cellular composition of the seminiferous epithelium in the human testis. The seminiferous epithelium, as seen in this schematic drawing of a cross section of a seminiferous tubule,…
Fig. 6.1 Schematic presentation of sizes, locations of the carbohydrate side chains, and currently known mutations (red arrows) and functionally significant polymorphisms (green arrows) in the gonadotropin subunits, i.e., CGA, LHB,…
Sex chromosomes Responsible cell division X-linked loci Frequency (%) XMXPY Paternal meiosis Identical to father 53 XM1XM2Y Maternal meiosis I Identical to mother 34 XM1XM1Y Maternal meiosis II Single maternal…
Fig. 8.1 Effects of hyperprolactinemia on the hypothalamic–pituitary–testicular axis Another mechanism to explain the suppression of gonadal function in men with prolactinoma is a direct tumor mass effect on gonadotrophs. Large…
