Abstract This chapter discusses the incidence, classification, genetics, epidemiology, pathology, clinical features, diagnosis, staging, treatment, and posttreatment management of retinoblastoma. Keywords retinoblastoma, RBI gene, genetic counseling, chemotherapy, plaque radiotherapy, intra-arterial…
Abstract Soft-tissue sarcomas (STS) are a heterogeneous group of malignant tumors derived from primitive mesenchymal cells. These tumors arise from muscle, connective tissue, supportive tissue, and vascular tissue. As a…
Abstract Renal tumors comprise roughly 6% of all childhood malignancies. Wilms’ tumor is the most common pediatric renal tumor. Less common renal tumors include clear cell sarcoma of the kidney,…
Abstract Neuroblastoma originates from primordial neural crest cells that normally give rise to adrenal medulla and sympathetic ganglia. While it accounts for 7% of all childhood malignancies, neuroblastoma accounts for…
Abstract Tumors of the central nervous system (CNS) are the second most common group of cancers in childhood, accounting for 20% of all childhood malignancies, and affecting 35 per million…
Abstract Childhood non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) is distinguished from adult NHL by differing frequencies of histopathologic types and by the greater frequency of extranodal presentations. With current combination chemotherapy regimens, survival…
Abstract This chapter describes the causes, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment of various types of histiocytosis disorders. Keywords Histiocytosis, Langerhans cell histiocytosis, Rosai–Dorfman disease, emophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, Erdheim–Chester disease, Hand–Schüller–Christian disease,…
Abstract Hodgkin lymphoma is characterized by progressive enlargement of lymph nodes. It is considered unicentric in origin and has a predictable pattern of spread by extension to contiguous nodes. Keywords…
Abstract Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common malignancy of childhood with a peak incidence between 2 and 6 years of age. Recent advances in understanding the leukemia biology,…
Abstract Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) accounts for approximately 20% of childhood leukemia, yet is responsible for a majority of the deaths from leukemia. Children present with a wide range of…
