Adjuvant Chemotherapy: Introduction Print Section Listen The goal of adjuvant systemic therapy for early-stage breast cancer is to eliminate micrometastatic disease, thus preventing future recurrences. Adjuvant systemic therapy, chemotherapy, targeted…
Selection of Patients for Therapy: Introduction Print Section Listen Initial observational studies of the natural history of breast cancer (untreated) viewed all breast cancers as the same, causing death a…
Considerations and Strategies for the Timing of Breast Reconstruction: Introduction Print Section Listen Postmastectomy radiation therapy (PMRT) can improve survival and locoregional control in patients with invasive breast cancer. The…
Plastic and Breast Reconstruction: Introduction Print Section Listen After years of lobbying by women’s health advocates and amidst much fanfare, the 1998 Federal Breast Cancer Reconstruction Law (also referred to…
Breast-Conserving Surgery: Introduction Print Section Listen From radical mastectomy to breast-conserving surgery (BCS), the last 35 years have witnessed a fascinating evolution in the role of surgery in the treatment…
Surgery for Gynecomastia: Introduction Print Section Listen Gynecomastia (GM) is a benign proliferation of the glandular component of the male breast caused by an increase in the ratio of estrogens…
Radical and Extended Radical Mastectomy: Introduction Print Section Listen Halsted advocated radical mastectomy (RM) to achieve locoregional control for breast cancer at the end of the 19th century, stemming from…
Modified Radical Mastectomy and Techniques for Avoiding Skin Necrosis: Introduction Print Section Listen Modified radical mastectomy (MRM) involves complete removal of the breast along with the overlying skin and all…
Epidemiology of Chest Wall Recurrence Print Section Listen Incidence Although mastectomy is associated with excellent local control in most breast cancer patients, chest wall recurrence (CWR) after mastectomy has been…
Axillary Lymph Node Dissection: Introduction Print Section Listen The status of the axillary lymph nodes is the most significant factor predictive of long-term survival in patients with breast cancer. Axillary…
