Sarcoma of the Breast
Fig. 46.1 a–d A 40-year-old patient presented with a lump in a left lateral breast. Ultrasound a mammography b and core biopsy all suggested only a benign fibroadenoma. Excision biopsy…
Complications of Breast Surgery and Their Management
Fig. 34.1 Affected range of motion of right shoulder after full axillary clearance Factors associated with an increased risk of postoperative complications include: Age Obesity Smoking Excessive use of alcohol or…
Roles of Surgery and Modern Radiation Techniques in Metastatic Disease Affecting the Brain
Fig. 51.1 MRI multiple cerebral breast cancer metastases. T1 plus gadolinium contrast scan shows several variable sized lesions in the cerebral hemispheres, cerebellum and brain stem. The midbrain lesion (sagittal plane)…
The Role of Surgery in Metastatic Disease to the Bone
Cancer Incidence (%) Post-mortem incidence of bone metastases in % [2] Multiple myeloma 100 100 Breast 47–85 73 Prostate 54–85 68 Thyroid 28–60 42 Bladder 42 Renal 33–40 35 Lung…
Gross Anatomy of the Breast and Axilla
Fig. 1.1 The lactiferous ducts of a premenopausal breast lobe are filled with plastic. Blue colour indicates the ductal structure, while white colour indicates the TDLUs The nipple-areola complex (NAC) is…
Ductal Carcinoma in Situ
Fig. 11.1 Radiographic microcalcifications from DCIS on mammography in a patient with a prior implant Fig. 11.2 Microcalcifications (irregular purple staining) in secretions (pink staining) in low grade DCIS 11.4.2 Ultrasound Some…
Breast Implants: Design, Safety and Indications for Use
Fig. 29.1 Dual chamber expandable implant Fig. 29.2 Two textured surface implants, one with a round shape and the other an anatomic cohesive gel implant 29.3 Safety Issues and Complications 29.3.1 Safety:…
Surgery to the Breast: Breast Conservation Techniques
The extent and the location of the primary tumour The size of the breast The density of the breast parenchyma and the grade of ptosis of the breast The BMI…
Surgery for Locally Advanced Breast Cancer
IIB T3N0M0 A reasonable initial surgical approach is likely to achieve pathologically negative margins and provide long-term local control Primary operable IIIA T3N1M0 IIIA T0N2M0 T1N2M0 T2N2M0 An initial surgical…
Breast Cancer-Related Lymphedema
Stage 0 Latent/subclinical stage Swelling not yet evident Impaired lymph transportsubtle changes in imaging Stage I Clearly visible swelling with soft pitting Swelling temporarily reduced by elevation/during night-time Stage II…
