Storage Lesion: Evolving Concepts and Controversies
Licensed RBC additive solutions Constituents (mM) SAGM AS-1 AS-3 AS-5 AS-7 MAP PAGGSM NaCl 150 154 70 150 85 72 NaHCO3 26 Na2HPO4 12 16 NaH2PO4 …
Transfusion Associated Circulatory Overload
Patients specific Iatrogenic Age >70 Excessive transfusions Renal failure Infusion rate >225 mL/h Congestive heart failure Increased volume of transfusion Hemorrhagic shock Positive fluid balance Severe liver disease Prolonged surgical…
Sickle Cell Disease and Acute Chest Syndrome: Epidemiology, Diagnosis, Management, Outcomes
Fig. 4.1 Pathologic mechanisms of acute chest syndrome. (From: Gladwin MT and Vichinsky E. Pulmonary complications of sickle cell disease. New England Journal of Medicine.2008;359(21):2254–65. [PMID:19020327]). The acute chest syndrome…
Thrombophilias and Acute Pulmonary Thromboembolic Disease
Fig. 5.1 Virchow’s triad. Virchow’s triad describes the three main factors that predispose thrombosis Fig. 5.2 Coagulation cascade. The intrinsic pathway of the coagulation cascade includes the most common inherited…
Transfusion and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Pathogenesis and Potential Mechanisms
TRALI – Acute onset within 6 h after a blood transfusion – PaO2/FiO2 <300 mmHg – Bilateral infiltrative changes on the chest X-ray – No sign of hydrostatic pulmonary edema (PAOP <18 mmHg or…
Acute Pulmonary Manifestations of Hematologic Malignancies
Fig. 7.1 Timing of pulmonary complications days after HSCT Mucormycosis is typically indistinguishable from invasive aspergillosis, but more frequently has a “reverse halo sign,” a round area of ground glass…
Leukocyte Kinetics and Migration in the Lungs
Fig. 2.1 Neutrophil emigration into the alveolar air space. The thick alveolar wall is the preferred site for neutrophil emigration. (1) Initial mechanical sequestration followed by prolonged retention of a…
Acute Pulmonary Complications of Bone Marrow and Stem Cell Transplantation
Fig. 8.1 Timeline of infectious and noninfectious pulmonary complications after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation. AFOP acute fibrinous and organizing pneumonia, AIP acute interstitial pneumonitis, ARDS acute respiratory distress syndrome, BOS…
Sickle Cell Disease and Acute Chest Syndrome: Mechanisms and Pathogenenesis
Fig. 3.1 Generation and inflammatory cellular targets of extracellular heme in sickle cell disease. Hemolysis releases cell-free hemoglobin (Hb), which is normally scavenged by haptoglobin and CD163. Free hemoglobin reacts…
The Lung–Blood Interface
Fig. 1.1 Diagram of the human airway system . There are 23 generations of branching airways on average, beginning with larger airways in the conducting zone, consisting of the trachea…
