Histoplasmosis
Fig. 18.1 Hematoxylin and eosin stain of yeast in macrophages Epidemiology Histoplasmosis is most commonly reported to occur in and around the Mississippi and Ohio River valleys of the USA,…
Mucormycosis (Zygomycosis)
Order Family Genus Species causing human disease Mucorales Mucoraceae Lichtheimia L. corymbifera Apophysomyces A. elegans Mucor M. circinelloides, M. ramosissimus, M. racemosus, M. hiemalis, M. rouxianus Rhizomucor R. pusillus Rhizopus…
Phaeohyphomycosis: Infection Due to Dark (Dematiaceous) Molds
Clinical syndrome Commonly associated fungi Therapy Onychomycosis Onychocola, Alternaria Itraconazole or terbinafine Subcutaneous nodules Exophiala, Alternaria, Phialophora Surgery ± itraconazole or voriconazole Keratitis Curvularia, Bipolaris, Exserohilum, Lasiodiplodia Topical natamycin ±…
Hyalohyphomycosis: Infection Due to Hyaline Moulds
Genus/Species AmB Itraconazole Voriconazole Posaconazole Anidulafungin Caspofungin Micafungin Ref. Fusarium spp. F. oxysporum F. solani ++ ++ + + + + ++b ++++ + ++ ++ + 0 ND ND…
Infection Due to Non-Candidal Yeasts
Trichosporon T. asahii (T. beigelii) T. inkin T. mucoides Saccharomyces S. cerevisiae S. boulardii Rhodotorula R. mucilaginosa (rubra) R. glutinis Malassezia M. furfur M. pachydermati Blastoschizomyces capitatus (Geotrichum capitatum, Trichosporon…
Diagnostic Molecular Biology
Fig. 3.1 The relationship between yield, number of steps, and type of fungal template preparation method. The greatest yield comes from laborious methods that require numerous steps, including organic extractions….
Aspergillosis
Fig. 10.1 Microscopic morphology of Aspergillus fumigatus showing a single role of phialides (uniseriate) bearing smooth conidia in a columnar fashion. (Courtesy of www.doctorfungus.org) Table 10.1 Characteristics of common Aspergillus…
Pneumocystosis
Fig. 14.1 Silver-stained bronchoalveolar lavage specimen showing characteristic clusters of Pneumocystis cysts As noted above, the host-species specificity of Pneumocystis has led some to propose the division of Pneumocystis carinii…
Candidiasis
Fluconazole Itraconazole Flucytosine Amphotericin B Voriconazole Posaconazole Echinocandins Candida species C. albicans S S S S S S S C. tropicalis S S S S S S S C….
Approach to Patients with Suspected Fungal Infections
CD4+ T lymphocyte cell count (cells/µl) Fungal infections > 500 Candidal vaginitis 200–500 Thrush (oropharyngeal candidiasis) < 200 PCP, disseminated histoplasmosis, disseminated coccidioidomycosis < 100 Cryptococcosis, candidal esophagitis, penicilliosis PCP Pneumocystis pneumonia Organ…
