Clinicians commonly administer one or the other of the two hypomethylating agents currently approved in the United States—azacitidine or decitabine—to patients with aggressive forms of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). However, there…
Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are heterogeneous clonal hematologic malignancies characterized by cytopenias caused by ineffective hematopoiesis and propensity to progress to acute myeloid leukemia. Innate immunity provides immediate protection against pathogens…
Three general approaches have been used to model myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) in mice, including treatment with mutagens or carcinogens, xenotransplantation of human MDS cells, and genetic engineering of mouse hematopoietic…
Laboratory evidence and clinical evidence suggest that some patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) have immunologically mediated disease. This article describes the laboratory evidence supporting a role for the immune system…
Epigenetic mechanisms, such as DNA methylation and histone modifications, drive stable, clonally propagated changes in gene expression and can therefore serve as molecular mediators of pathway dysfunction in neoplasia. Myelodysplastic…
Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) disorders are clonal diseases that often carry stereotypic chromosomal abnormalities. A smaller proportion of cases harbor point mutations that activate oncogenes or inactivate tumor suppressor genes. New…
The incidence of the myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) in the United States is reported as 3.4 per 100,000 people, translating to over 10,000 new diagnoses annually. This figure is considered to…
Patients and families struggling with cancer fear pain more than any other physical symptom. There are also significant barriers to optimal pain management in the emergency setting, including lack of…
Cancer patients can have acquired bleeding problems for many reasons. In this review, an approach to the evaluation and management of the bleeding patient is discussed. Specific issues including coagulation…
In the modern age of cancer therapy, advances in the multidisciplinary management of cancer have resulted in increased rates of survivorship. Radiation therapy (RT) toxicity must be tempered with the…
