Primary concerns in the clinical utilization of CAR-modified T cells I. T lymphocyte population selection and culture (a) Mechanism of T cell activation (OKT3, CD3-CD28 beads) (b) Cytokines or small…
Cytokine Condition Chemotherapy Phase State Reference Outcome IL-2 Melanoma Dacarbazine II Ongoing NCT00553618 Melanoma +Cy II Ongoing NCT01833767 Breast cancer +Paclitaxel II Ongoing NCT01134250 Breast cancer +Doxorubicin II Ongoing NCT01131364 …
Bone marrow Peripheral blood Cord blood Limiting factor HLA match HLA match Cell quantity Minimal HLA match 4/6 9/10 9/10 GVHD risk Yes Yes No Biggest risk GVHD GVHD…
Tumor type Markers Reference Bladder ABCG2high SP (side population, Hoechst dye) [12] ALDH1high [13] Breast CD44+CD24−/low [10] ALDH1high [14] Colon CD133+ [15] EpCAMhigh CD44+ [16] ALDH1high [17] Gastric CD44+ [18]…
Fig. 8.1 Main signaling pathways involved in the molecular mechanisms underlying CSC control. The activation of these pathways following different stimuli results in the enhanced transcription of several genes (i.e.,…
Fig. 2.1 Schematic interaction of the effectors of innate and adaptive immunity. Abbreviations: TC tumor cell, DC dendritic cell, Th1 and Th2 T helper cells of types 1 and 2,…
Fig. 6.1 Multiple immunomodulatory coinhibitory and costimulatory receptor-ligand pairs have been identified (although not all are depicted here). These pathways set the immunologic context when an antigen is presented on…
Type of therapy Targeted pathway Achieved effect Local tumor irradiation Antigen presentation and processing Enhanced intratumor homing of effector CTLs Release of TAAs Production of inflammatory cytokines Endothelin receptor blockade…
Fig. 26.1 Schematic mechanism of two immunohistochemistry methods. Top: secondary antibodies and enzymes link to polymer molecule. Bottom: biotinylated secondary antibody and labeled streptavidine Immunohistochemistry has wide application including research…
Fig. 17.1 Heritability of cancers in different sites based on the information available from twin studies 17.3 Immune Polymorphism The role of immune system in defense against malignancies was proposed…
