Thyroid Imaging
Technetium-99m (99mTc) in the form of pertechnetate is trapped by the thyroid gland and other sites that concentrate iodide (salivary glands, gastric mucosa), but it is not organified in the…
Malignancy-Associated Hypercalcemia and Medical Management
FIGURE 63-1. Bone biopsy photomicrographs. A, Local osteolytic hypercalcemia secondary to leukemia. Note the presence of leukemic cells in the marrow space and numerous osteoclasts lining the trabecular surface. B,…
Pseudohypoparathyroidism, Albright’s Hereditary Osteodystrophy, and Progressive Osseous Heteroplasia: Disorders Caused by Inactivating GNAS Mutations
FIGURE 65-1. Urinary cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) excretion in response to an infusion of bovine parathyroid extract (300 USP units). The peak response in normal subjects () and those with…
Surgical Management of Hyperparathyroidism
FIGURE 64-1. Flow diagram for localization strategy in previously unoperated patients. US, Ultrasound. FIGURE 64-2. A, Sestamibi scan showing uptake in thyroid as well as parathyroid tissue. B, Thyroid uptake…
Hormonal Control of Breast Development
FIGURE 123-1. Mammary gland of human female at birth formed by several excretory ducts, ending in terminal ducts. A, Detail of the inset showing the club-shaped terminal end bud from…
Fetal and Neonatal Endocrinology
FIGURE 145-1. Cartoon illustrating the cascade on transcription factor genes programming hypothalamic and pituitary embryogenesis and function. Most of this information was derived from genetic studies in mice. The list…
Hypopituitarism and Growth Hormone Deficiency
FIGURE 13-1. Standard mortality rates (SMR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) in individual studies on patients with nonmalignant pituitary diseases not associated with excess adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) or growth hormone…
Pheochromocytoma
FIGURE 109-1. A, Anatomic distribution of extra-adrenal chromaffin tissue in the newborn. B, Locations of extra-adrenal pheochromocytomas reported in the literature up to 1965. (From Coupland R: The Natural History…
Androgen Deficiency Disorders
FIGURE 139-1. A, An 18-year-old male with isolated hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. Note the normal height, long arms and legs, poor muscular development, and prominent gynecomastia. Although his testes and phallus are…
Cushing’s Syndrome
The mechanism whereby the POMC gene becomes derepressed in noncorticotroph tumors is not understood. One hypothesis is that these cells are derived from a common multipotential progenitor cell capable of…
