HIV and Malignancy in Children
Fig. 26.1 Suggested diagnostic work-up for staging of Kaposi sarcoma It is now known that the pathogenesis of all clinical variants of KS involves infection with KSHV, a deoxyribonucleic acid…
Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant
Allogeneic donor type Source HLA matching and cell dose Sibling Peripheral blood Match sibling donor: 6/6, 8/8 or 10/10 Mismatch sibling donor: over 8/10 Bone marrow Haploidentical: less than 9/10…
Paediatric Neuro-Oncology
Diagnosis Location Standard treatment Options Outcome in high-income countries Prognostic factors Low-grade glioma in surgical areas All sites Surgery None Excellent (95–100 % survival) Extent of resection Unresectable low-grade glioma…
Nutritional Assessment and Intervention
Cancer cachexia Multifactorial • Disease • Host • Socio-economic • Treatment Interactive tumour and host-related effects • Socio-economic, inadequate supply of nutrients • Anorexia • Bowel obstruction • Malabsorption •…
Essential Medicines and Pharmacy Services
Antineoplastics Section Antimicrobials Section Supportive care agents Section Asparaginase 8.2 Acyclovir 6.4.1 Allopurinol 8.2 Bleomycin 8.2 Amikacin 6.2.4 Amitriptyline 24.2.1 Carboplatin 8.2 Amphotericin B 6.3 Codeine 2.2 Cisplatin 8.2 Cefotaxime…
Care and Prevention of Infection
Common gram-positive pathogens Coagulase-negative staphylococci Staphylococcus aureus, including methicillin-resistant strains Enterococcus species, including vancomycin-resistant strains Viridans group streptococci Streptococcus pneumoniae Streptococcus pyogenes Common gram-negative pathogens Escherichia coli Klebsiella spp. Enterobacter…
Retinoblastoma
Fig. 20.1 Clinical presentation of retinoblastoma (a) leukocoria (b) massive orbital dissemination Biology and Patterns of Spread Regardless of the specific mutation, the tumor grows from the nuclear layer of…
Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
Incidence of NHL per million person-years Males Females Age (years) <5 5–9 10–14 15–19 <5 5–9 10–14 15–19 Burkitt 3.2 6 6.1 2.8 0.8 1.1 0.8 1.2 Lymphoblastic 1.6…
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Symptom/exam finding Laboratory finding and/or cause Hematological Pallor Anemia due to decreased red blood cells Fatigue Anemia due to decreased red blood cells Bruising Thrombocytopenia due to decreased platelets Bleeding…
Acute Myeloid Leukemia
• Anemia, manifested by pallor and weakness • Fever, resulting from infection or leukemia itself • Hepatosplenomegaly • Adenopathy • Petechiae, ecchymosis, epistaxis, gingival bleeding • Severe hemorrhage or disseminated intravascular coagulation, most common in APL…
