INTRODUCTION Print Section Listen Esophageal resection (esophagectomy) has been a standard surgical treatment option for any resectable esophageal cancer. Esophagectomy is one of the most complex, invasive procedures in the…
INTRODUCTION Print Section Listen Multimodality approaches including surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy are essential for the treatment of advanced esophageal carcinoma.1,2 Surgery has been used for locoregional control and has played…
HISTORY Print Section Listen The beginning of breast conserving therapy (BCT) coincides with the early days of clinical radiotherapy. Geoffrey Keynes, a London surgeon, practiced breast conserving surgery combined with…
BACKGROUND Print Section Listen As our understanding of the biology of breast cancer evolves, we recognize that there are many different types of histologically distinct cancers. Breast cancer is ahead…
INTRODUCTION Print Section Listen In 2000, the era of genomic medicine in breast cancer was introduced when Perou et al1 identified the “molecular portraits” of breast cancer. By analyzing the…
INTRODUCTION Print Section Listen Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women and it is estimated that one in eight women in the United States will develop breast cancer…
INTRODUCTION Print Section Listen Appropriate axillary staging is a critical component of breast cancer care. In addition to being an important prognostic factor, nodal status and the extent of nodal…
INTRODUCTION Print Section Listen Genetic predisposition accounts for only a fraction of breast cancers, but genetic testing, in the appropriate context, is the most powerful tool available for quantitative risk…
INTRODUCTION Print Section Listen Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is a preinvasive clinical diagnosis that lies in the continuum between epithelial atypia and invasive cancer. Although it has been recognized…
INTRODUCTION Print Section Listen Improvements in diagnosis and advances in targeted therapies have contributed to the increasing numbers of breast cancer survivors. The most recent estimate by the Surveillance Epidemiology…
