Rectal Cancer
1.1 Contour of rectum (pale yellow) and anal canal (green). Radiopaque marker seen in the anal canal (3.3 cm long) and visualization of the anal margin (not contoured). The rectum appeared…
Spinal Cord Tumors
Fig. 3.1 Sagittal T1-weighted (a) and T2-weighted images (b) through the cervical and upper thoracic spine. Normal marrow shows high signal on T1 imaging (red arrow) reflecting the presence of…
Base of the Skull and Orbit Tumors
Anatomical structure Localisation Diagnosis Anterior cranial fossa Dura, olfactory fibres/olfactory stem cells Cribriform plate Meningioma of the olfactory groove, esthesioneuroblastoma Dura Sphenoidal plane/clinoid process, sphenoid wing, orbital roof Meningioma Bony…
Breast Cancer
– pN0 pN+ RT No RT RT No RT 10-year any recurrence 15.6 % 31.0 % 42.5 % 63.7 % Absolute gain 15.4 % 21.2 % 2p < 0.00001 2p = 0.00001 15-year any death…
Liver Tumors
Fig. 6.1 Illustration of the eight liver segments in selected slices of the liver from in a transversal CT scan. Numbers indicate the respective segments of the liver The grouping…
Gynecological Cancer
Fig. 15.1 Lymphatic drainage of the cervix. The lymphatic trunks are presented and lymph node echelons are tabulated. 2Obturator ln are part of the medial subgroup of the external ilian…
Brain Tumors
Grading Entity WHO I° Pilocytic astrocytoma Subependymal giant cell astrocytoma WHO II° Diffuse astrocytoma Pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma Oligodendroglioma Oligoastrocytoma Gemistocytic astrocytoma WHO III° Anaplastic astrocytoma Anaplastic oligodendroglioma Anaplastic oligoastrocytoma Gliomatosis cerebri…
Bladder Cancer
T – primary tumor TX Primary tumor cannot be assessed T0 No evidence of primary tumor Ta Noninvasive papillary carcinoma Tis Carcinoma in situ: “flat tumor” T1 Tumor invades subepithelial…
