Uncommon Anal Neoplasms
Uncommon neoplasms of the anal canal are associated with significant diagnostic dilemma in clinical practice and a high index of suspicion and pathologic expertise is needed. The incidence is likely…
Metastatic Anal Cancer and Novel Agents
Squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal (SCCA) represents an orphan disease. Although prior infection with human papilloma virus is associated with the development of SCCA, knowledge of this relationship…
Surveillance of Anal Canal Cancers
Anal squamous cell cancer is most frequently a locoregional disease that is amenable to curative therapy in a majority of fit patients. Complete response rates after chemoradiotherapy (CRT) are good,…
Locally Recurrent Disease Related to Anal Canal Cancers
Surgery for anal cancer is usually reserved for patients with persistent disease or local recurrence after definitive chemoradiation therapy. Patients with local recurrence should be re-evaluated for evidence of metastatic…
Pathology of Anal Cancer
Anal canal cancer is rather an uncommon disease but its incidence is increasing. Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the most frequent primary anal neoplasm and can encompass a variety of…
Treatment of the Primary Tumor in Anal Canal Cancers
Radical concurrent chemoradiotherapy with 5-fluorouracil and mitomycin C (MMC) remains the standard of care for squamous cell carcinoma of the anus. Phase III trials over 2 decades have used combined…
Diagnosis and Diagnostic Imaging of Anal Canal Cancer
Anal canal cancer is an uncommon malignancy but one that is often curable with optimal therapy. Owing to its unique location, histology, risk factors, and usual presentation, a careful diagnostic…
Human Immunodeficiency Virus/AIDS, Human Papillomavirus, and Anal Cancer
Anal cancer is an increasingly common non–AIDS-defining cancer among individuals infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). It is associated with human papillomavirus (HPV). HPV16 is the most common genotype…
Evolution and Management of Treatment-Related Toxicity in Anal Cancer
Over the past several decades, clinical trials have demonstrated improved disease-related outcomes in the definitive treatment of anal cancer. Although treatment with radiation and concurrent chemotherapy results in high rates…
Anal Dysplasia
Anal dysplasia is a cytopathology term describing specific squamous cell morphology and represents a varying degree of benign changes. Often a source of confusion, the current iteration includes two types,…
