CNS Leukemia
NCI risk (age/WBC) Favorable genetics Unfavorable characteristics Day 8 PB MRD (%) Day 29 marrow MRD (%) % of B-cell patients 5-year EFS (%) Low risk SR Yes None…
Ependymoma
Fig. 9.1 Left cerebellopontine angle ependymoma (upper left), IVth ventricle ependymoma (upper right), spinal cord ependymoma (lower left), and right fronto-parietal ependymoma (lower right) EPN accounts for 6–10% of brain…
Endocrine Sequelae of Central Nervous System Irradiation
Hormone Dose at which risk of dysfunction is increased Endocrine consequence Recommendations for screening and evaluation as clinically indicated GH ≥18 Gy • Growth hormone deficiency • Growth velocity • Poor linear growth…
Image Guidance in Pediatric Brain Radiotherapy
Fig. 24.1 (a) Electronic portal imaging device (EPID)-based imaging (b) compared to the digitally reconstructed radiograph (DRR) from the planning image set for whole brain treatment fields for a 15-year-old…
Low-Grade Glioma
Author Technology and dose prescription N Results Follow-up Debus et al. (Debus et al. 1999) Median 52.4 Gy/1.6–2.0 Gy Margin: 7 mm 10 5-year PFS: 90% 12–72 mos 5-year OS: 100%…
Brainstem Tumors
Fig. 13.1 (a) A midbrain JPA in a 6-year-old boy who presented with a right VI nerve deficit and a right hemiparesis. (b) Macroscopic residual disease following initial surgery was…
Optic Pathway Glioma
Fig. 11.1 Left optic nerve glioma (a) enhancing on contrast-enhanced T1-weighted magnetic resonance sequence and (b) hyperintense on a contrast-enhanced T2-weighted magnetic resonance sequence Fig. 11.2 Bulky extension of a…
Atypical Teratoid Rhabdoid Tumors (AT/RT) and ETMR
Fig. 8.1 MRI of supratentorial AT/RT in a 19-month-old boy. (a) Axial T1 with contrast. (b) Axial T2 FLAIR sequence Some authors have suggested that the presence of wavy, band-like…
Proton Therapy for Pediatric Brain Tumors
Fig. 26.1 (a, b) Isodose comparison of proton and photon craniospinal irradiation (CSI) with elimination of exit dose through the patient’s neck, chest, abdomen and pelvis. (c) Isodose distribution of…
Pediatric Brain Metastases
Fig. 22.1 (a) Contrast-enhanced CT scan with solitary ring-enhancing lesion (white arrow), (b) contrast-enhanced T1-weigted MRI with solitary ring-enhancing lesion with hypointense necrotic core (white arrow), (c) T2-weighted MRI and…
