Oncohema Key

PHYSIOLOGY OF CALCIUM METABOLISM Edward M. Brown ROLE OF CALCIUM

OTHER TYPES OF PARATHYROID PATHOLOGY Part of “CHAPTER 48 – MORPHOLOGY OF THE PARATHYROID GLANDS“ SECONDARY HYPERPARATHYROIDISM Grossly, in secondary hyperparathyroidism, all four glands are enlarged. Without clinical data, however,…

INTRAOPERATIVE ASSESSMENT OF PARATHYROID PATHOLOGY Part of “CHAPTER 48 – MORPHOLOGY OF THE PARATHYROID GLANDS“ FAT STAINS Because prominent, large fat droplets are found in the cytoplasm of normal chief…

PARATHYROID CARCINOMA Part of “CHAPTER 48 – MORPHOLOGY OF THE PARATHYROID GLANDS“ Parathyroid carcinoma is responsible for <1% of cases of primary hyperparathyroidism.1,4,17,22,23 Often, the tumors are larger than adenomas,…

PRIMARY PARATHYROID HYPERPLASIA Part of “CHAPTER 48 – MORPHOLOGY OF THE PARATHYROID GLANDS“ CHIEF CELL HYPERPLASIA Chief cell hyperplasia accounts for ˜15% of patients with primary hyperparathyroidism.1,4 Significantly, 25% to…

PARATHYROID ADENOMA Part of “CHAPTER 48 – MORPHOLOGY OF THE PARATHYROID GLANDS“ The parathyroid adenoma is more frequently located among the lower glands than among the upper ones. Grossly, a…

PATHOLOGY Part of “CHAPTER 48 – MORPHOLOGY OF THE PARATHYROID GLANDS“ Most patients with primary hyperparathyroidism harbor a parathyroid adenoma (see Chap. 58); usually, a single adenoma occurs in ˜80%…

ULTRASTRUCTURE Part of “CHAPTER 48 – MORPHOLOGY OF THE PARATHYROID GLANDS“ Electron microscopic studies of parathyroid cells have shown that the chief cells undergo morphologic change caused by the synthesis…

HISTOLOGY Part of “CHAPTER 48 – MORPHOLOGY OF THE PARATHYROID GLANDS“ The parathyroid glands are each surrounded by a thin connective tissue capsule that extends into the parenchyma, where fibrous…

GROSS ANATOMY Part of “CHAPTER 48 – MORPHOLOGY OF THE PARATHYROID GLANDS“ In normal adults, the total weight (mean ± standard deviation) of all parathyroid tissue is 120 ± 3.5…