MECHANISMS OF HYPOCALCEMIA
MECHANISMS OF HYPOCALCEMIA Part of “CHAPTER 60 – HYPOPARATHYROIDISM AND OTHER CAUSES OF HYPOCALCEMIA“ Calcium is present in serum in three forms: bound to serum protein (40–45%), complexed to inorganic…
HYPOPARATHYROIDISM AND OTHER CAUSES OF HYPOCALCEMIA
HYPOPARATHYROIDISM AND OTHER CAUSES OF HYPOCALCEMIA Suzanne M. Jan De Beur Elizabeth A. Streeten Michael A. Levine MECHANISMS OF HYPOCALCEMIA SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF HYPOCALCEMIA Related posts: REGULATION OF THE…
TREATMENT OF HYPERCALCEMIA
TREATMENT OF HYPERCALCEMIA Part of “CHAPTER 59 – NONPARATHYROID HYPERCALCEMIA“ Principles of therapy for hypercalcemia should be based on an understanding of its cause, knowledge of its pathophysiology, and careful…
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF HYPERCALCEMIA
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF HYPERCALCEMIA Part of “CHAPTER 59 – NONPARATHYROID HYPERCALCEMIA“ Nonparathyroid disorders that may lead to hypercalcemia are listed in Table 59-1. The most common of these is malignancy,…
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF HYPERCALCEMIA
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF HYPERCALCEMIA Part of “CHAPTER 59 – NONPARATHYROID HYPERCALCEMIA“ Hypercalcemia, through its effect on cellular sodium-potassium adenosine triphosphatase, leads to hyperpolarization of cell membranes. This hyperpolarization or…
NONPARATHYROID HYPERCALCEMIA
NONPARATHYROID HYPERCALCEMIA Andrew F. Stewart Primary hyperparathyroidism is the most common cause of hypercalcemia among nonhospitalized patients (see Chap. 58). This chapter focuses on nonparathyroid causes of hypercalcemia, the most…
FAMILIAL HYPOCALCIURIC HYPERCALCEMIA
FAMILIAL HYPOCALCIURIC HYPERCALCEMIA Part of “CHAPTER 58 – PRIMARY HYPERPARATHYROIDISM“ FHH is a benign disorder associated with hypercalcemia.113 Differentiating individuals with FHH from those with primary hyperparathyroidism is extremely difficult….
PARATHYROID CARCINOMA
PARATHYROID CARCINOMA Part of “CHAPTER 58 – PRIMARY HYPERPARATHYROIDISM“ Parathyroid carcinoma is a rare form of primary hyperparathyroidism.108,109 These patients often have hypercalcemia that is more severe than that usually…
PRIMARY HYPERPARATHYROIDISM DURING PREGNANCY
PRIMARY HYPERPARATHYROIDISM DURING PREGNANCY Part of “CHAPTER 58 – PRIMARY HYPERPARATHYROIDISM“ Rarely, primary hyperparathyroidism becomes evident during pregnancy.104 Hyperparathyroidism during pregnancy used to be associated with an increased incidence of…
