EXOGENOUS GONADOTROPINS Part of “CHAPTER 97 – OVULATION INDUCTION“ Initially, injectable gonadotropin used for ovarian stimulation was produced from animal pituitary extracts, but patients rapidly developed antibodies that eventually neutralized…
PULSATILE GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE Part of “CHAPTER 97 – OVULATION INDUCTION“ Native GnRH is a decapeptide that is produced in the mediobasal and anterior hypothalamus and is transported via the portal…
CLOMIPHENE CITRATE Part of “CHAPTER 97 – OVULATION INDUCTION“ Clomiphene citrate, which was introduced in 1956, was first observed to achieve conception in humans in 1961.9 It is used primarily…
DETECTION OF OVULATION Part of “CHAPTER 97 – OVULATION INDUCTION“ Ovulation can be detected by basal body temperature (BBT) charting, measurement of progesterone levels, or endometrial biopsy. Although BBT charting…
OVULATION INDUCTION Michael A. Thomas Ovulation induction is the primary method of ovarian stimulation in the 20% of infertile women who have an ovulatory defect. The World Health Organization (WHO)…
SEXUAL FUNCTION AND DYSFUNCTION Part of “CHAPTER 96 – DISORDERS OF MENSTRUATION, OVULATION, AND SEXUAL RESPONSE“ In women, complete sexual responses begin after puberty and can continue for the remainder…
IDIOPATHIC OR CYCLIC EDEMA Part of “CHAPTER 96 – DISORDERS OF MENSTRUATION, OVULATION, AND SEXUAL RESPONSE“ Idiopathic or cyclical edema, also called periodic edema or “swelling,” occurs almost exclusively in…
DYSMENORRHEA Part of “CHAPTER 96 – DISORDERS OF MENSTRUATION, OVULATION, AND SEXUAL RESPONSE“ Dysmenorrhea is the most common of all gynecologic disorders, affecting perhaps 50% of postpubescent women.202 Dys-menorrhea is…
ABNORMAL GENITAL BLEEDING Part of “CHAPTER 96 – DISORDERS OF MENSTRUATION, OVULATION, AND SEXUAL RESPONSE“ Bleeding of presumed genital tract origin could also originate in the urinary or gastrointestinal tracts,…
AMENORRHEA Part of “CHAPTER 96 – DISORDERS OF MENSTRUATION, OVULATION, AND SEXUAL RESPONSE“ DEFINITION Amenorrhea is generally defined as the absence of menstruation for 3 or more months in women…
