Fig. 6.1 Framework for PM in oncology. The left part describes the workflow and processes required for the decision-making from patient consultation to the therapeutic decision. The middle part focuses…
Fig. 3.1 Oncogenesis: Aberration accumulation and genomic complexity 3.2.1 Single-Nucleotide Variation (SNV) These subtle changes of the genetic sequence, observed at the nucleic level, involve the modification, the deletion, or…
Fig. 4.1 G band ideograms of human chromosome 11 at (from left to right) 350, 550, and 850 band resolution (From Bickmore 2001) The karyotyping analysis, tool for cytogenetics, was…
Fig. 8.1 Illustration of predictive factors of response to treatment. The upper panel gives typical survival obtained after treatment and after control in biomarkers positive (left) and biomarker negative (right)…
Fig. 5.1 Overview of NGS sequencers. Full run throughput in gigabases (billion bases) is plotted against single-end read length for the different sequencing platforms, both on a log scale 5.2.1.1…
Fig. 9.1 Main challenges associated with precision medicine trials The main objective of PM designs is to identify molecular biomarkers that predict a clinical response (clinical validity) for MTA and…
Fig. 1.1 Current way of developing anticancer drugs Since recently, advances in high-throughput technologies have allowed depicting most druggable molecular alterations for an affordable cost in a time frame compatible…
Fig. 2.1 Example of a PTEN loss of expression validating a PTEN genomic loss. (a) Immunolabeling of PTEN protein (clone A2B1, Zymed® laboratories, CA, USA). The metastatic cells are PTEN…
Fig. 7.1 Variant validation steps 7.2 Technical Validation of the Variant The first role of the molecular biologist is to technically analyze the molecular result to insure the interpretation of…
