Fig. 40.1 Definition and assessment of T cell functional avidity and TCR-pMHC binding affinity/avidity. (a) T cell functional avidity is a biological readout that reflects T cell responsiveness upon antigen-specific…
Antigen Antigen class Phase Comment Alpha fetoprotein (αFP) Differentiation Preclinical Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) Differentiation Ph1 Terminated—poor accrual Glycoprotein 100 (Gp100) Differentiation Ph2 Hepatitis B virus (HBV) antigen Viral antigen Ph1 …
Fig. 24.1 Mechanism of action of oncolytic viruses: selective replication in cancer cells, tumor lysis, release of virus, and spread within cancer tissue (Reproduced from Kirn D et al. (2001)…
Fig. 15.1 Global incidence of pathogen-induced human malignancies in 2012 [96] Fig. 15.2 Number of new HPV-associated cancers in 2009 [3] Exposure to HPV occurs with sexual debut and is…
Fig. 9.1 The ILC family members and their putative role in cancer. The ILC family comprises killer blood-circulating ILCs and helper-like tissue-resident ILCs. ILCs are further divided into three groups…
Fig. 11.1 5-FU-dependent depletion of MDSCs. 5-FU specifically targets and depletes MDSCs, reducing the overall immunosuppression. However, 5-FU treatment also induces a permeabilization of the lysosome in MDSCs. Cathepsin B…
Fig. 35.1 Disease progression of prostate cancer from initial diagnosis until death. Local therapies such as surgery and radiation can control initial disease, and hormone-naïve tumors see clinical benefit from…
Fig. 13.1 Four phenotypes (I–IV) of host response to a tumor (adapted from [10]) Using immunohistochemistry, the cell types of these immune infiltrates can be defined: quantitatively, the most abundant…
Fig. 17.1 Sites of IDO/TDO expression and action in cancer. Expression of IDO1, IDO2, and TDO documented in various cells in the tumor microenvironment (including metastatic sites) and in tumor-draining…
Fig. 30.1 Margins used in radiation treatment. GTV gross tumor volume, CTV clinical target volume, PTV planning target volume One rapidly evolving area is in the treatment of patients with…
