Renal Function and Failure
Renal Function and Failure Robert D. Lindeman CLINICAL PEARLS When hematuria is found on dipstick examination of the urine and no red cells are seen on microscopic examination, one needs…
Pulmonary Disease in the Elderly
Pulmonary Disease in the Elderly Eleanor M. Summerhill CLINICAL PEARLS Although the physiologic reserve of the respiratory system declines with age, dyspnea with usual activity is abnormal and should trigger…
Cerebrovascular Disease and Stroke
Cerebrovascular Disease and Stroke William D. Smucker CLINICAL PEARLS Time is brain. Thrombolytic therapy can improve survival and function if administered within 3 hours of stroke onset. Age alone is…
Heart Failure
Heart Failure Richard W. Pretorius CLINICAL PEARLS Heart failure is the most common cause of hospitalization in the geriatric population. Fatigue and dyspnea on exertion are the most common symptoms,…
Cardiac Disease
Cardiac Disease Tarek Helmy Amar D. Patel Nanette K. Wenger CLINICAL PEARLS Atypical symptoms of myocardial ischemia such as fatigue, dyspnea, worsening heart failure, syncope, and confusion are common in…
Peripheral Arterial Disease
Peripheral Arterial Disease Gregory S. Cherr CLINICAL PEARLS All patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD) require atherosclerotic risk factor modification, antiplatelet therapy, and education regarding lifestyle modifications, including exercise therapy….
Hypertension and Lipid Disorders
Hypertension and Lipid Disorders Vinod R. Patel Thomas C. Rosenthal CLINICAL PEARLS Hypertension and lipid disorders are among the most common and asymptomatic problems in the elderly population today. Despite…
Metabolic Bone Disease
Metabolic Bone Disease Ailleen Heras-Herzig Theresa A. Guise CLINICAL PEARLS Screen high-risk populations for osteoporosis. Assess clinical risk factors. Address lifestyle and dietary modifications. Screen for secondary causes of low…
Musculoskeletal Problems in the Elderly
Musculoskeletal Problems in the Elderly Kim Edward LeBlanc CLINICAL PEARLS Between age 20 and 40, both men and women attain their highest level of muscular strength. Strength loss in the…
