Emerging from a largely cytokine-based era, the last several years have witnessed a dramatic change in the therapeutic landscape of renal cancer. Molecularly targeted and antiangiogenic agents now form the…
The advent of targeted agents for the treatment of advanced renal cell carcinoma has led to dramatic improvements in therapy. However, the chronic use of these medications has also led…
The current treatment paradigm for metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) includes agents that target the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathways. Because these agents…
Insights into the biology of clear-cell renal cell carcinoma (CCRCC) have identified multiple pathways associated with the pathogenesis and progression of this cancer. This progress has led to the development…
Better understanding of the molecular biology of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has led to the development of several targeted anti-cancer agents, several of which have since received approval for treatment…
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is, to date, the key element in the pathogenesis of renal cell carcinoma (RCC). VEGF pathway activation is responsible for the recruitment, migration, and expansion…
The standard of care for renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is surgical resection as a monotherapy or as part of a multimodal approach. A significant number of patients undergoing surgery for…
Ninety percent or more of kidney cancers are believed to be of epithelial cell origin, and are referred to as renal cell carcinoma (RCC), which are further subdivided based on…
Although several cytokines have shown antitumor activity in renal cell carcinoma (RCC), the most consistent results have been reported with interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interferon (IFN). Recent insights into how the…
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is considered a relatively rare malignancy worldwide. Around a third of patients with RCC present with metastatic disease, and among those patients treated with nephrectomy with…
