Immune Landscape of Gastrointestinal Malignancy Maggie Phillips Gregory B. Lesinski Introduction Gastrointestinal (GI) tumors harbor a series of distinct immunologic features and are comprised of heterogeneous immune cell populations. The…
Liquid Biopsies in Gastrointestinal Cancers Shalini Makawita Arvind Dasari Introduction In this section we will discuss liquid biopsies, specifically pertaining to cell-free DNA (cfDNA) or circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), and…
Introduction of High-Throughput Sequencing Timothy Philip DiPeri Funda Meric-Bernstam Introduction At the turn of the millennium, one of the largest breakthroughs in contemporary medical science was announced—the majority of the…
Neuroendocrine Cancer Daniel M. Halperin Thorvardur R. Halfdanarson In this chapter, we will consider the relevant targets and therapies for gastrointestinal neuroendocrine cancers. Although these malignancies are complex and nuanced,…
Cancer of Unknown Primary Nicholas James Hornstein Ryan Huey Kanwal Pratap Sing Raghav Introduction Cancer of unknown primary (CUP) represents a heterogeneous group of metastatic cancers wherein the primary site…
Rare Gastrointestinal Tumors Van Karlyle Morris Ben George Anal With approximately 9000 cases are expected to occur annually (1), squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal is considered a rare…
Pancreatic Cancer Michael Sangmin Lee Tanios Bekaii-Saab Shubham Pant Introduction Pancreatic cancer is the third most common cancer causing mortality in the United States. Despite improvements in mortality rates observed…
Biliary Tract Cancer Sunyoung S. Lee Milind Javle Molecular Targeted Therapy The molecular analyses of molecular profiling show that up to 35% of patients with cholangiocarcinoma have potentially targetable genomic…
Liver Cancer (Hepatocellular) Irene S. Yu Ahmed O. Kaseb Introduction An estimated 42,230 new cases of liver cancer are diagnosed in the United States annually, with the majority comprised of…
Colorectal Cancer Christine Parseghian Targeting RAS CETUXIMAB Cetuximab is a chimeric immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) monoclonal antibody directed against the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). It does not benefit patients with…
