Appendicitis
Fig. 11.1 (a) Ultrasound demonstrating a noncompressible tubular structure on ultrasound, with a transverse diameter of >6 mm, consistent with acute appendicitis. (b) Ultrasound demonstrating a longitudinal view of a…
Intestinal Hemorrhage in the Elderly
Upper GI bleeding Peptic ulcer disease Gastritis Esophageal/gastric varices Mallory-Weiss tear Boerhaave’s syndrome Malignancy Lower GI bleeding Diverticulosis Angiodysplasia Malignancy Inflammatory bowel disease Colitis (ischemic or infectious) Hemorrhoids Anal fissure…
Geriatric Psychology and the Injured Elderly
Alzheimer’s Lewy body Frontal lobe Vascular % of cases 50 20 <10 20 Pathology Neurofibrillary tangles Lewy bodies in cortex and amygdala Degeneration of frontal regions Varied vascular Distinct…
Critical Care Epidemiology and Outcomes/Resource Use in the Elderly
Fig. 29.1 Growth in the elderly population in the USA (Source: Social Security Administration, Office of the Chief Actuary. Note: Projections based on intermediate assumptions of the The 2003 Annual…
Changing Demographics of the American Population
Fig. 1.1 The administration on aging The Cost of Caring for the Elderly As the elderly population increases, the need for healthcare services and the cost of health care are…
End-of-Life Care
Surgical ICU characteristics Barrier to palliative care Structure and process “Open” ICU No leadership to drive change Multiple consultants No standard processes in place No interdisciplinary team rounds or processes…
Renal Function in the Elderly
In general, FeNa is < 1 % with plasma volume depletion, congestive heart failure, and acute glomerulonephritis but is > 1 % with bilateral ureteric obstruction and ATN; values commonly exceed 3 % with…
Ethics in Geriatric Trauma
Principle Ethical imperative Autonomy Respect the capacity of individuals to make their own choices and act accordingly Beneficence Relieve pain and suffering; foster the interests and well-being of other persons…
Operative Risk Stratification
Test Indications and implications BUN and Cr Recommended for all geriatric patients [12, 13] Should be used for all elderly patients to determine creatinine clearance for dosage adjustment of medications…
Pharmacology
Mechanism of action Elimination half-life (h) Clotting factors affected Laboratory alterations Potential treatment Oral agents Warfarin Vitamin K antagonist 20–60 II, VII, IX, X, proteins C and S PT/INR…
