Oncohema Key

Fig. 3.1 Normal CT anatomy of the hypopharynx and cervical esophagus. (a) Contrast-enhanced axial CT image obtained at the level of the hypopharynx. The ossified cricoid cartilage (Cr) is identified…

Fig. 2.1 Classification of the depth of invasion 2.2 Macroscopic Features 2.2.1 Handling of Specimens The proper handling of a specimen by a competent pathologist is the most important step…

Fig. 5.1 History of TNM Classification of Malignant Tumours, AJCC Cancer Staging Manual and Japanese Classification of Esophageal Cancer, TNS* Tumor Nomenclature and Statistics, CSCAS* Clinical Stage Classification and Applied…

Fig. 6.1 Encryption with a hash function The patient data were divided into personal data (name, date of birth, medical record number, etc.) and disease data (tumor location, T-factor, N-factor,…

Fig. 4.1 (a) White light endoscopic image of normal esophageal epithelium. (b) Superficial squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus (type 0–IIa). (c) Advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (type 2). (d)…

Location of tumor Total % Cervical 198 4.2 Upper thoracic 631 13.4 Middle thoracic 2,290 48.7 Lower thoracic 1,224 26.0 Abdominal 247 5.3 EG 31 0.7 EG junction (E = G) 26…

Fig. 1.1 Age-standardized incidence rate (World) of esophageal cancer in the world (2008) Esophageal cancer is two to four times more common among men than women in general; however it…

Fig. 13.1 Example 3D treatment planning for a cT1bN0 middle thoracic esophagus tumor. (a) Endoscopic insertion of clips in the esophageal wall near the proximal and distal end of the…

Fig. 14.1 Variety of EMRs. (a) EMR with a ligation device (EMR-L). A lesion is suctioned and ligated with O-ring before resection. (b) EMR using a cap-fitted endoscope (EMR-C). A…

Fig. 8.1 The status of lymph node metastases according to the location of the primary tumor as reported by Ando et al. [7] The concept of extensive three-field lymph node…