Hyperthyroidism in Pregnancy
Test, units Result Reference range TSH, mIU/l <0.02 0.27–4.2 FreeT4, pmol/l 48 12–22 FreeT3, pmol/l 12.6 3.1–6.8 TRAb, IU/l 7.2 ≤0.9 How would you manage this case? She wants to…
Polyuria and Polydipsia
Serum/plasma Spot urine 24-h urine Osmolality (mOsmol/kg) 298 86 – Sodium (mmol/L) 147 16 114 Potassium (mmol/L) 4.1 3 21 Urea (mmol/L) 2.5 30 215 Creatinine (μmol/L) 58 1.9…
Salt-Wasting Crisis in a Newborn
Fig. 14.1 Pathways of steroid metabolism. A block due to deficiency of 21-hydroxylase causes accumulation of precursors (17-hydroxyprogesterone, androstenedione, testosterone) and deficiency of glucocorticoids (cortisol) and mineralocorticoids (aldosterone) Classical 21-Hydroxylase…
Diagnosis and Management of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)
Differential diagnoses Hirsutism and/or hyperandrogenaemia Oligomenorrhea or amenorrhea Distinctive characteristics Clinical features Laboratory tests Hyperprolactinaemia; prolactinoma Mild or absent Present Galactorrhoea; macroprolactinomas may cause visual disturbances headache, cranial nerve palsies…
Weight Loss and Dizziness: Adrenal Failure
Features due to glucocorticoid insufficiency Weakness Malaise Weight loss Nausea and vomiting Hypoglycaemia Myalgia Anaemia Features due to mineralocorticoid insufficiency Hypotension Dehydration Hyponatraemia Features due to reduced adrenal androgens Decreased…
