Acromegaly

Mar 10, 2017 by in ENDOCRINOLOGY Comments Off on Acromegaly

Fig. 7.1 Peptide structure of Somatostatin GH secretion is also regulated by ghrelin, a growth hormone secretagogue-receptor ligand [11] that is mainly synthesized in the gastrointestinal tract, particularly the stomach,…

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Dyslipidemia

Mar 10, 2017 by in ENDOCRINOLOGY Comments Off on Dyslipidemia

Total cholesterol (mg/dL) < 200 Desirable 200-239 Boderline high ≥240 High HDL cholesterol (mg/dL) <40 Low >60 High LDL cholesterol (mg/dL) <100 Optimal 100–129 Near optimal 130–159 Boderline high 160–189…

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Carbohydrate Counting

Mar 10, 2017 by in ENDOCRINOLOGY Comments Off on Carbohydrate Counting

Weight (kg) Units of insulin:g of CHO 25 1:30 45–49 1:16 49.5–58 1:15 58.5–62.5 1:14 63–67 1:13 67.5–76 1:12 76.5–80.5 1:11 81–85 1:10 85.5–89.5 1:9 90–98.5 1:8 99–107.5 1:7 ≥108…

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Diabetic Retinopathy

Mar 10, 2017 by in ENDOCRINOLOGY Comments Off on Diabetic Retinopathy

Fig. 38.1 Female, Asian, 68 years old, type 2 diabetes for at least 15 years, visual acuity: 20/400 OD and 20/200 OS. The dilated eye exam revealed clinically significant diabetic…

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The Diabetic Neuropathies

Mar 10, 2017 by in ENDOCRINOLOGY Comments Off on The Diabetic Neuropathies

Sensorimotor neuropathy Distal symmetric polyneuropathy Focal neuropathy  Diabetic mononeuropathy (cranial, truncal, peripheral nerves)  Mononeuropathy multiplex Diabetic amyotrophy Autonomic neuropathy Hypoglycemic unawareness Abnormal pupillary function Cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy Vasomotor neuropathy Sudomotor…

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Cushing’s Syndrome

Mar 10, 2017 by in ENDOCRINOLOGY Comments Off on Cushing’s Syndrome

Fig. 9.1 Diagnostic workup in Cushing’s syndrome. ACTH adrenocorticotropin, BIPSS bilateral inferior petrosal sinus sampling, CRH corticotropin releasing hormone, CD cushing’s disease, CT computed tomography, ECS ectopic Cushing’s syndrome, LDDST…

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Thyroid Nodules and Cancer

Mar 10, 2017 by in ENDOCRINOLOGY Comments Off on Thyroid Nodules and Cancer

Benign nodular goiter Thyroiditis Cysts Primary thyroid cancer   Papillary carcinoma   Follicular carcinoma   Hurtle cell carcinoma   C-cell derived carcinoma, Medullary carcinoma   Anaplastic carcinoma Metastatic Cancer Lymphoma…

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Therapy with Insulin

Mar 10, 2017 by in ENDOCRINOLOGY Comments Off on Therapy with Insulin

  Dose (U/kg/day) Honey-moon period <0.5 At diagnosis or after Ketoacidosis 0.5–1.0 Prepubertal 0.7–1.0 Pubertal 1.0–2.0 Sick days 1.2–1.5 Basal insulin 40–60 % Usually, in the first 6 months of…

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