Oncohema Key

Knowledge Management Where is the wisdom we have lost in knowledge? Where is the knowledge we have lost in information? —T.S. Eliot 1934 KEY WORDS Knowledge management Conflict of interest…

Summarizing the Evidence When the research community synthesizes existing evidence thoroughly, it is certain that a substantial proportion of current notions about the effects of health care will be changed….

Cause In what circumstances can we pass from observed association to a verdict of causation? Upon what basis should we proceed to do so? — Sir Austin Bradford Hill 1965…

Chance It is a common practice to judge a result significant, if it is of such a magnitude that it would have been produced by chance not more frequently than…

Prevention If a patient asks a medical practitioner for help, the doctor does the best he can. He is not responsible for defects in medical knowledge. If, however, the practitioner…

Treatment Treatments should be given “not because they ought to work, but because they do work.” —L.H. Opie 1980 KEY WORDS Hypotheses Treatment Intervention Comparative effectiveness Experimental studies Clinical trials…

Diagnosis Appearances to the mind are of four kinds. Things either are what they appear to be; or they neither are, nor appear to be; or they are, and do…

Prognosis He, who would rightly distinguish those that will survive or die, as well as those that will be subject to disease a longer or shorter time, ought, from his…

Risk: From Disease to Exposure “… take two groups presumed to be representative of persons who do and do not have the disease and determine the percentage of each group…

Risk: Exposure to Disease From the study of the characteristics of persons who later develop coronary heart disease (CHD) and comparison with the characteristics of those who remain free of…