Flat Urothelial Lesions
Flat Urothelial Lesions There are four main reasons a surgical pathologist is asked to evaluate flat (cystoscopically apparent or unapparent) lesions. The first two indications involve multiple random biopsies by…
Urothelial Neoplasms With Inverted Growth Patterns
Urothelial Neoplasms With Inverted Growth Patterns INVERTED UROTHELIAL PAPILLOMA This is a benign tumor of the urinary bladder constituting less than 1% of urothelial neoplasms. Cystoscopically, they appear as solitary,…
Morphologic, Prognostic, and Predictive Factors and Reporting of Bladder Cancer
Morphologic, Prognostic, and Predictive Factors and Reporting of Bladder Cancer The traditional morphologic, prognostic, and predictive factors for bladder cancer vary according to the type of bladder cancer presentation in…
Normal Bladder Anatomy and Variants of Normal Histology
Normal Bladder Anatomy and Variants of Normal Histology Understanding the normal anatomy of the bladder is of paramount importance since its landmarks are used to stage, establish clinical risk, and…
