Fig. 18.1 This four-panel set of photomicrograph shows the histology displayed in sections of 4 distinct male breast cancers and demonstrates morphological heterogeneity in these tumours. All ×400 Gene expression studies…
Gene Chromosomal location Function Mode of inheritance Lifetime risk of developing breast cancer Other major cancer risk Clinical syndrome association TP53 17p13.1 Regulates expression of many genes by anti-proliferative mechanisms…
Fig. 6.1 Histologic grading of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) It should be noted that while interobservor variability in the classification of DCIS has improved significantly since the adoption of the…
© Springer Science+Business Media New York 2015Ashraf Khan, Ian O. Ellis, Andrew M. Hanby, Ediz F. Cosar, Emad A. Rakha and Dina Kandil (eds.)Precision Molecular Pathology of Breast CancerMolecular Pathology Library1010.1007/978-1-4939-2886-6_19 19. Specimens for Molecular Testing in Breast Cancer…
48. Uniewicz KA, Fernig DG. Neuropilins: a versatile partner of extracellular molecules that regulate development and disease. Front Biosci J Virtual Libr. 2008;13:4339–60. 49. Soker S, Takashima S, Miao HQ,…
8. Voon PJ, Yap HL, Ma CY, Lu F, Wong AL, Sapari NS, Soong R, Soh TI, Goh BC, Lee HS, Lee SC. Correlation of aldo-ketoreductase (AKR) 1C3 genetic variant…
© Springer Science+Business Media New York 2015Ashraf Khan, Ian O. Ellis, Andrew M. Hanby, Ediz F. Cosar, Emad A. Rakha and Dina Kandil (eds.)Precision Molecular Pathology of Breast CancerMolecular Pathology Library1010.1007/978-1-4939-2886-6_16 16. Molecular Pathology of Breast Cancer Metastasis Mohammed A. Aleskandarany1,…
Fig. 8.1 Immunohistochemical staining of estrogen receptor showing granular/punctate brown nuclear staining in consistent with false positive pattern [55] Predictive Value of Hormone Receptor Expression in Breast Cancer A factor is…
© Springer Science+Business Media New York 2015Ashraf Khan, Ian O. Ellis, Andrew M. Hanby, Ediz F. Cosar, Emad A. Rakha and Dina Kandil (eds.)Precision Molecular Pathology of Breast CancerMolecular Pathology Library1010.1007/978-1-4939-2886-6_10 10. Molecular Classification of Breast Cancer Mohammed A. Aleskandarany1, Ian O. Ellis1…
Gene Name Location Function TP53 Tumor protein 53 17p13.1 Tumor suppressor PIK3CA phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase 3q26.32 Cell growth, division and survival AKT1 v-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog 1 14q32.32 Cell…
